NASA-UAP-D018, Gemini 4 Experiment Debriefing, 1967

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NASA FORM 26

APR 69 PREVIOUS EDITIONS MAY BE USED

Mission Operation Report
No. M-913-65-04
MEMORANDUM

June 1, 1965

To

A/Administrator

From

M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight

Subject:

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) Additional Flight Activities

Subsequent to the preparation of the GT-4 Mission Operation Report several
new procedures and items of equipment have progressed to a stage of flight
readiness. Consequently, three significant additional flight activities are
now possible and have been included in the mission. These activities are:
extra vehicular activities (EVA); extra vehicular propulsion; and demonstration
of rendezvous with the booster second stage. Additional details of these
flight plan activities are provided in the attached supplement to the basic
report.

Enclosure:
MOR No. 913-65-04
Change 1

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

M-913-65-04
ADDITIONAL GT-4 FLIGHT PLAN ACTIVITIES
Three additional special engineering and operational objectives are now
planned for the first four orbits of the GT-4 Mission:
1.

Demonstration of extravehicular activities (EVA) using a 25 foot
umbilical. Potential future application includes crew transfer, inflight repair, and inspection of orbiting objects.

2.

Demonstration of extravehicular maneuvering using a simple, oneman propulsion unit. This device could be used with or without
a spacecraft tether on future missions.

3.

Demonstration of rendezvous with the booster second stage. This
activity wilI provide valuable early information and maneuvering
procedures necessary to rendezvous with a target vehicle. Flashing
lights identical to those designed for the Gemini/Agena Vehicle
have been instaIled on the booster second stage for this test.

The Flight Plan sequence involves post-launch separation from the launch
vehicle, then maneuvering to stop the spacecraft separation velocity. The
first two orbits wilI be flown with the spacecraft at distances less than one
quarter of a mile from the launch vehicle.
Nighttime separation will be
sufficient to prevent the flashing lights from disturbing the pilot's visual dark
adaptation. The first orbit will be occupied with operational checks of the
spacecraft guidance, maneuvering, and environmental control systems. The
pilots will utilize the second orbit to prepare for the extravehicular activity.
This procedure involves unstowing and assembling a 25-foot umbilical, the
emergency oxygen pack, a maneuvering unit, and the cameras. Over Hawaii,
at daybreak, near the end of the second orbit, the cabin will be depressurized
and Jim McDivitt will maneuver to within close proximity of the booster. At
this point, the right hatch will be opened and Ed White will climb out and
hold on the right forward portion of the spacecraft untiI McDivitt gives him a
release command. Upon command, White wiII push off slowly and reorient
himself with the hand-held maneuvering unit to face the booster. A 35-mm still
camera (Zeiss-Contarex) mounted on the maneuvering unit will be used to photograph the booster and spacecraft with various earth/sky backgrounds. After
testing his ability to maneuver in a zero gravity environment, White will
maneuver back toward the spacecraft and ingress. The total time separated
from the spacecraft will be approximately 10 minutes. He will be inside
with the cabin repressurized by the time the spacecraft posses over Ascension
Island on the start of the third orbit.
Shortly ofter passing Ascension, McDivitt wilI maneuver ahead of the booster
with 5 feet per second separation velocity. Because this maneuver places the
spacecraft in a higher altitude and longer period orbit than the booster, it will
rise above and fall behind the booster. One orbit later, the spacecraft

6/1/65

Page 1

M-913-65-04
will trail 16 miles behind the booster. At this point, a spacecraft retardation
maneuver of 13 feet per second will initiate the visual rendezvous sequence.
The spacecraft will approach the booster from behind and below. Because of
unknown variation in the atmospheric density and drag of the slowly tumbling
booster, the exact approach trajectory cannot be predicted. The flight crew
will measure elevation angles of the booster and wil I initiate rendezvous
maneuvers when the booster is approximately 45 degrees elevation angle a bove
the spacecraft. By observing the movement of the booster with respect to the
star background and with respect to the spacecraft inertia l platform display , the
crew can determine the proper lateral maneuver to null the lateral component
of velocity thereby resulting in a spacecraft velocity vector which is directly
toward the booster. After removing the lateral velocity difference, the pilot
will apply a series of breaking maneuvers with the forward firing thrusters to
reduce the closing velocity. The flight crew will measure with onboard
instruments the total maneuvering velocity required for the rendezvous procedure.
The spacecraft should be back in close proximity of the launch vehicle over
the Northeast coast of South America at the beginning of the fifth orbit.
After the rendezvous operation is complete, the spacecraft will again separate
from the booster - this time using a maneuver which will place the Gemini
spacecraft on an orbit with a predicted lifetime of four days.
The EVA suit is the new G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used so
successfully by the GT-3 flight crew. The G4C suit has the following new
features:
a.

Helmet - incorporation of triple lens shield (visors) for visual, thermal,
impact, and micrometeorite protection.

b.

Torso 1.
2.
3.
4.

Change to Nomex (HT-1) 11 Linknet 11 in restraint layer for increased
structure I strength.
Incorporation of strain relief zipper in sealing closure.
Incorporation of redesigned ventilation inlet and outlet fittings with
automatic locking and redundant sealing features.
Replace Nomex (HT-1) coverlayer with integrated thermal and
mi crometeori ty cover layer.

c.

Gloves - Incorporate new design with increased mobility, abrasion
resistance and thermal protection.

d.

Bio-connector - Self-alighment, pin protective design.

6/1/65

Page 2

M-913-65-04

Figure 1 depicts the
principal physical
differences between
the old G3C suit
and the new EVA
G4C suit. Figure
2 shows that with
one visor down on
the new G4C helmet,
there is practi ca I ly
no attenutation of
Ii ght entering, whereas
Figure 3 shows that
with two of the visors
down there is a
noticeable difference
in the amount of
light that enters the
astronaut's eyes.
With the third visor
down, there would
be a similar decrease
in the amount of
I ight al lowed to enter
the helmet.
The multivarious layers
of materials used in
the EVA G4C suits
are delineated in
Figure 4. It should
be noted that the old
G3C suit consisted
only of the pressure
and restraint layers
of Figure 4 with the
HT -1 nylon outer
protective layer.

FIG.

G-4C
OVER VISOR
SPACE

HELMET

The EVA spacesuit
has received the
following qualification tests:

6/1/65

Page 3

•

M-913-65-04

G-4C
OVERVISOR
SPACE

HELMET

FIG. 3

G-4C EXTRAVEHICULAR SUIT

HH NYLON OUITR

~6~~ T~~~~~} ~~~;:)
USE: WEAR AND

THERMAL AND
MICROMETEOROID
LAYERS

PRESSURE AND
RESTRAINT
LAYERS

SOLAR REFLECTANCE

COTTON CONSTANT "[AR

~Ng~~;:r~~m
OXFORD NYLOt-i
COf.JORT LAY.R

11 oz,vo 2 swu

PRCSSURE LAYER

_ _ _ _ NEOPRE~E COATEO NYLON
11-1·2ozvo21

r----7 LAYERS ALUMIN IZEO
MYLAR SEPARATED BY

RESTRAINT lAVlR
UM( NH DACRON
Al.;Q HflO~
u-J 4 oz vo 21

7 LAYCAS UNWOVEN
DACRON SPACERS

HH NYLON INNER MICROr,,'tn OROID
STOPPER LAYERS
!EACH 6. 8 OZ/YD 2 WH IT[ I US E: WEAR

ANO MICR0~,1£TEO ROI D PRO TE CT ION

FIG. 4

6/1/65

Page 4

M-913-65-04
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Leakage
Proof pressure
02 compatibility
Ejection envelope
Cold temperature
Rapid decompression
Life cycling
Visor testing

Should the 25-foot long tether fail in some manner, the pilot will be carrying
a chestpack that has been compatibility qualified with the G4C suit and consists principally of an emergency oxygen bottle with automatic valving.
It should be emphasized that both the primary and backup flight crews have
undergone 40 minutes cabin depressurization with the hatches open at a
simulated altitude of 150,000 feet in the chambers at McDonnell, St. Louis
during which time they practiced opening and closing the hatches, taking
pictures, and other actions that will take place during EVA.
The extravehicular maneuvering will be accomplished using a zero g Integral
Propulsion (ZIP) Unit as shown in Figure 5. This device is handheld and
accomplishes propulsion by jetting oxygen out through a single forward firing
nozzle and two aft firing nozzles as selected and aimed by the operator. It
includes a camera mounted for convenient extravehicular photography.

FIG. 5

6/1/65

Page 5

Mission Operation Report
No. M-913-65-04
MEMORANDUM

May 24, 1965

To

A/Administrator

From

M/Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight

Subject:

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4)

GT-4, the fourth in a series of twelve planned Gemini flights is scheduled to
be launched from Complex 19 at the John F. Kennedy Space Center on or after
3 June 1965. This wi 11 be the second manned Gemini mission and the longest
ever attempted by a two-man crew. The purpose of the mission is to further
demonstrate manned space flight for a period of four days.
The nominal launch time is 10 a.m. EDT (1400 GMT). The space vehicle is
to be launched on an azimuth of 72 degrees and the spacecraft wi 11 be inserted
into an initial orbit of 87-161 N.M. at an orbital inclination of 32.5 degrees.
The 62 revolution mission will have a duration of approximately 97 hours and 50
minutes. The primary and backup flight crews are of the "new generation, 11 being
members of the second group of astronauts. James A. McDivitt will be the
command pilot and Edward H. White, II will be the pilot. Because the duration
of the flight is one of the most significant aspects of their mission, the postflight activities will involve expanded medical evaluation as compared with
previous missions, including at least 24 hours aboard the recovery aircraft carrier,
the USS WASP.
After conducting various orbital maneuvers and the thirteen experiments during the
four-day mission, the spacecraft wi 11 reenter and touchdown approximately 400
miles southwest of Bermuda for a water landing and carrier retrieval.

Enclosure
MOR Noo M-913-65-04

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

Report No. M-913-65-04

MISSION OPERATION REPORT

GEMINI FLIGHT NUMBER FOUR
(GT-4)

OFFICE

OF MANNED

SPACE FLIGHT

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

FOREWORD

MISSION OPERATION REPORTS are published expressly for the
use of NASA General Management as required by the Administrator in NASA Instruction 6-2-10 dated August 15, 1963 . The purpose of these reports is to provide NASA General Management with
timely, complete and definitive information on flight mission plans
and results from launchings with Scout class or larger vehicles.
Initial reports are to be prepared and issued for each flight project
just prior to launch. Following launch, updating reports for each
mission will be issued to keep General Management currently informed as provided in NASA Instruction 6-2-10.
Distribution of these reports has been specifically directed by General Management and they are not available for additiona l or general
distribution . The Office of Pub Iic Affairs pub Iishes a comprehensive
series of pre-launch and post-launch reports on NASA flight missions
which are available for general distribution.

Pub Iishec and Distributed
by
OFFICE OF PROGRAM REPORTS
OFFICE OF PROGRAMMING
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C. 20546

M-913-65-04
GENERAL
Rtndczvous guidance
& recovery system _ _ __

_,

11 Ft

8 Ft

Separation point
Oxidizer tank
•Equipment bay

27 Ft

Gemini Flight Number Four (GT-4) is the second
manned orbital flight in the Gemini Program and
the fourth flight in a series of twelve planned to
develop long-duration and rendezvous capability,
docking techniques, extra-vehicular activities,
and controlled reentry. The first three Gemini
flights demonstrated: orbital insertion capability;
spacecraft structural integrity; and spacecraft
systems performance and crew accommodation
qualities, respectively. This GT-4 mission is
intended to further demonstrate manned space
flight for a period of four days, the longest
ever flown by two astronauts. The space vehicle
is depicted in Figure 1.

Stage 11 engine
thrust chamber

MISSION OBJECTIVES
108 Ft

10 Ft

Oxidizer
tank

Stage I engine
g1mbal point

•Equipment bay contains:
• Batteries·
• Malfunction detection system IMOSI units
• Range safety command control system
• Programmer
• Three-axis reference system !TARSI
• Radio guidance system IRGSI
• Autopilot
• Instrumentation and telemetry system

FIG.

5/24/65

PRIMARY
•
Demonstrate and evaluate the performance of
the Gemini spacecraft systems for a period
exceeding four days.
•
Evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure
to the space environment on the two-man
flight crew in preparation for missions of
longer duration.
SECONDARY
•
Demonstrate OAMS capability to perform retro fire
backup.
•
Demonstrate the capability of the spacecraft and
flight crew to make significant in-plane and
out-of-plane maneuvers.
Conduct further evaluation of spacecraft
•
systems as outlined below:
1 . Structure and thermo I protection
2. Environmental Control Systems (ECS)
3. Crew stations
4. Guidance and Control System
5. Orbital Attitude and Maneuver System
(OAMS)
Execute the fol Iowing experiments:
• D-1, Basic Object Photography
• D-6, Surface Photography
• D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft
• D-9, Simple Navigation
• M-3, In-Flight Exercises
• M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram
• M-6, Bone Demineralization
• MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge
Page 1
•

M-913-65-04
•
•
•
•
•

MSC-2, Proton Electron Spectrometer
MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer
MSC-10, Two-Color Earth's Limb Photos
S-5, Synoptic Terrain Photography
S-6, Synoptic Weather Photography
UNUSUAL TASKS OF THIS MISSION

One of the interesting tasks of this mission is the duration of the flight. It
will be the longest ever to be conducted by a two-man crew . Another highly
interesting item is that control of the mission for the first time wil I be from the
Mission Control Center (MCC) Houston. Some elements of the Mission Control
Center at Cape Kennedy and the GSFC computing facility will be standing by as
a backup during the launch phase. The computing facilities at GSFC will also be
used as a backup to MCC-Houston during the orbital phase. Flight controllers will
man the MCC in three shifts to give complete round-the-clock coverage of the fourday mission. Crew control of reentry will be ac~omplished by tracking the roll
needle rather than nulling the down-range and cross-range needles as on GT-3.
The experiments will, of course, contribute much information for the scientific
and medical communities. The G4C suit which replaces the G3C suit used on
GT-3 has the fol lowing new featu res: a triple overvisor, a redundant pressure
closure seal (zipper), and thermal and meteoroid protection integrated in the
outer cover layer. Abort procedures to be utilized by the astronauts in the
unlikely event it becomes necessary for them to terminate. a mission before orbital
insertion are different from those used in the Mercury program . In that program,
the fireball that would have been created had a conflagration occurred on the pad,
would have been large enough to
ABORT PROCEDURES
engulf an ejecting astronaut, so
MOOE I - EJECT AfTEll SHUTDOWN
it was necessary to add an escape
MOOE ll - SALVO RETROS AFTER SHUTDOWN
rocket to Iift the entire spacecraft
MODE ID - SHUTDOWN, SE PARATE, TURN AROUND,
RETROFIRE
free of the area. The GLV, on
the other hand, uses self-igniting
fuels which, upon mixing, create a
fi reba II sma II enough so that the
astronauts can eject from the
spacecraft in much the same manner as is done in today's high
performance jet aircraft. This
is called the Mode I abort proOEIAYEO
MOOE
cedure. The three abort modes
n
(WA IT 5
SECS )
are more fully defined by the
altitude and elapsed time-after15,000FT. _ _ _ _ __.__ _ _~--'<-+--~launch parameters depicted on
Figure 2.

-□~

FIG . 2
5/24/65

Page 2

' ~'

MOOE

I

50
SECONDS

SEA LEVEL- - - - - - - - - - - ' ' - -- - L - - ' - -

M-931-65-04
LAUNCH VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
The Gemini Launch Vehicle (GLV) has been modified by man-roting an Air Force
Titan II missile. The GLV has two stages, the first 71 feet long and the second 18
feet long; both stages have a diameter of 10 feet. The gross loaded weight of the
two stages is 337,521 pounds and they both burn storable hypergolic (self-igniting
upon mixture) propellants. First stage thrust is approximately 430,000 pounds at sea
level. Second stage thrust is approximately 100,000 pounds. The various systems of
the GLV have been detailed in previous Gemini MOR 1 s and what follows is additional
information concerning modifications made to GLV-4. The fuel dampener and oxidizer
standpipe used to suppress longitudinal oscillations have been redesigned. Butt welding
vice lapped joints have been utilized on the fuel tank conduits to eliminate minute
cracks. Malfunction Detection System circuitry has been redesigned to provide separate
indications of the subassembly thrust level and additional insulation has been applied to
provide increased fire protection. Sixteen T/M readout points have been removed
from the GLV because they are no longer required and one range safety circuit has
been added to the destruct system interlocking AGE and the GLV motor driven switch
control. This circuit will prevent switch cycling in the event that both set and reset
signals are inadvertently applied during checkout.
TABLE I
PROJECT COST
(In Millions)
FY 62

FY 63

FY 64

FY 65

FY 66

FY 67

Total

Spacecraft

30.3

205. 1

280.5

165.3

122.7

19. 1

823.0

Launch Vehicle

24.4

79. 1

122.7

115.4

88.6

8.5

438.7

1

4.9

15. 7

27.7

30.8

13.0

92.2

54.8

289. 1

418.9

308.4

242. 1

40.6

1353.9

Operational
Support
Total RD & 0

0

This level of funding will provide for twelve Gemini Launch Vehicles, twelve spacecraft, seven Agena Target Vehicles, six Atlas booster missiles and the operational costs
of flight testing and the associated Ground Support Equipment.
SPACECRAFT
The spacecraft is 18. 75 feet long and its two sections, a reentry module and an adapter
section will weigh 7799 lbs. fully loaded with the astronauts onboard. The configuration
will be the same as was flown on GT-3 except for the following: minor changes have
been made to switch positions and nomenclature, three additional (total of six) adapter

5/24/65

Page 3

M-913-65-04
batteries will be required, radial thrusting TCA's and burst diaphragms in the 11 811
package that were removed for GT-3 are both installed on GT-4, and will act
through the Spacecraft Centers of Gravity. An HF antenna has been added to the
adapter section for orbital use and the HF transciever there has been removed.
The C-band phase shifter now has its own inverter, the recovery flashing light
can now be turned off during day I ight hours, the HF antenna on the cabin section
has been redesigned, and the adapter $-band transponder in the adapter section has
been replaced with a C-band transponder which will have a different pulse spacing
from the one in the spacecraft. In the GT-4 mission S/C, urine wi 11 be dumped
directly overboard from the urine bellows through a shut-off and selector valve, a
solenoid valve and a heated line. Redundancy is provided by the capability to
dump urine through the launch cooling heat exchanger (water boiler}. The main
chute disconnect cartridge has been changed from a 22-second time delay to a
zero second delay and new long-life attitude thrusters have been installed.
EXPERIMENTS
The 13 experiments are depicted and described on the following pages:
1. D-1, Basic Object Photography
In conducting this experiment, the as­ D-1 BASIC OBJECT
tronauts will employ elaborate photoPHOTOGRAPHY
optical equipment to investigate the
technical problems associated with
observing, evaluating, and photographing objects in space. These
objects include the 2nd stage of
the launch vehicle and natural
celestial bodies such as the moon.
Data from this experiment will be
used to evaluate the astronauts'
ability to view and track objects,
and to maintain object-camera
orientation by maneuvering the
spacecraft. Equipment which wi 11
be used is illustrated in Figure 3.
FIG. 3

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M-913-65-04
2. D-6, Surface Photography
This experiment wi 11 investigate
the technical problems associated
with an astronaut's ability to
acquire, track, and photograph
terrestrial objects from a spacecraft with more elaborate photoopti ca I equipment than that used
previously. The astronaut will
photograph selected series of
objects during day-side and
night-side intervals of the flight
using specified Iens-fi Im combinations. The resulting data wi 11
be used to eva Iuate the astronaut's
ability to maintain object-camera
orientation by maneuvering the
spacecraft. Figure 4 shows the
camera mount installed on the
spacecraft window.

0-6 SURFACE PHOTOGRAPHY

FIG. 4

3. D-8, Radiation in Spacecraft
Data from this experiment will be
used to supplement external radiation measurements in studying
the dose levels within the spacecraft resulting from passes through
regions of varying radiation
intensity. Two tissue-equivalent,
current-mode ionization chambers
wi 11 be used to measure the
variation of absorbed dose-rate
inside the spacecraft. Five
small packets containing radiation detection and measurement
devices will be placed at
various locations in the cabin
to ascertain their suitability as
convenient dosimeters of space
radiation and measure total
accumulated dose. Figure 5 shows
some of the equipment to be used
for this experiment.

5/24/65

D-8 RADIATION IN SPACECRAFT
(PORTABLE UNIT)

FIG. 5

Page 5

M-913-65-04
4. D-9, Simple Navigation
This experiment is designed to
develop and test navigation procedures which employ a simple
stadimetric device and a sextant
to make sightings and measurements
in space using the horizon and
stars as references. Data from
sightings wi 11 be used in computations to determine orbital
parameters. These results wi 11
be compared with actual
parameters to determine the
accuracy of the procedures.
The hand held sextant to be used
is shown in Figure 6.

0-9 SIMPLE NAVIGATION

HAND HELD SPACE SEXTANT

MG5-8097

FIG. 6

5. M-3, In-Flight Exerciser
The purpose of this experiment is
to assess the astronauts' capacity
to perform physi ca I work under
spacecraft conditions. Monitored
exercise wil I be performed by the
astronauts prior to the flight to
establish control data. l·s otonic
exercises employing a bungee
cord and involving the arms and
legs wi 11 be taken prior to and
a.fter exercising. Pulse rate wil I
be monitored continuously. The
inflight data obtained wil I be
compared with the control data
to determine the· capacity for
work in space. Figure 7 shows
the manner in which this exercise
wi 11 be performed.

5/24/65

M-3 IN-FLIGHT
EXERCISER

FIG. 7

Page 6

M-913-65-04

6. M-4, In-Flight Phonocardiogram
The purpose of this experiment is
to measure the fatigue-stage of an
astronaut's heart muscle during a
long-duration flight. A microphone
wi ll be applied to an astronaut's
chest wal I at the cardiac apex.
Heart sounds detected during the
flight will be recorded on an onboard biomedical recorder. The
sound trace wi 11 be compared to
the waveform obtained from a
simultaneous infl ight electrocardiogram to determine the time
interval between electrical
activation of the heart muscle
and the onset of ventricular
systrole. Figure 8 illustrates the
method of installation of the phonocardiogram transducer.

7. M-6, Bone Demineralization
The purpose of this experiment
is to establish the occurrence
and degree of bone demi nera Iizati on resulting from prolonged
weightlessness during spaceflight.
Spec ia I X-rays wi 11 be ta ken of
an astronaut's heel bone and the
terminal bone of the fifth digit
of the right hand. Three preflight and three postflight
exposures wi 11 be taken of these
two bones and compared to
determine if any bone demineralization has occurred due to the
space flight. Figure 9 i 11 ustrates
the laboratory procedure which will
be used for this experiment.

M-4 IN-FLIGHT
PHONOCARDIOGRAM

PROTOTYPE PHONOCARDIOGRAM
TRANSDUCER AND
SIGNAL CONDITIONER

FIG . 8

GEMINI EXPERIMENT NO. M·&

BONE DEMINERALIZATION
PURPOSE

ESTABLISH DEGREE
OF BONE
DETERIORATION

EQUIPMENT STANDARD X-RAY
WEIGHT

N/ A VOLUME N/ A

PROCEDURE

PRE AND POST
FLIGHT x-RAY

LOCATION

N/ A

"

i

'

MG4-1886

FIG. 9

5/24/65

Page 7

M-913-65-04
8. MSC-1, Electrostatic Charge
Before rendezvous missions are
attempted, an investigation
must be made of the possibility
of inadvertent ignition of
pyrotechnics and other detrimenta I effects due to discharge
of electrostatic charge potentials
during rendezvous. In this
experiment, an electrostaticpotential meter, which protrudes
through the wa 11 of the spacecraft adapter assembly, wi 11 be
used to detect and measure any
accumulated electrostatic charge
that may be created on the
surface of the spacecraft by
ionization from engine exhaust.
This do ta wi 11 be a no Iyzed to
determine if the charge is adequate
to create a rendezvous hazard. Figure 10 shows the detector instal lotion.

MSC-2, Proton Electron
Spectrometer
This experiment is designed to
measure the quantity and energy
of protons and electrons present
immediately exterior to the
orbiting spacecraft. This wil I be
accomplished by means of a
scintillating-crystal, chargedparticle analyzer mounted on
the adapter assembly of the
spacecraft. Data from this
experiment wil I be used to
correlate radiation measurements made inside the spacecraft and to predict radiation
levels on future space missions.
The proton electron spectrometer
instal lotion is shown in Figure 11 .

MSC-1
ELECTROSTATIC
CHARGE

FIG. 10

9.

5/24/65

MSC-2
PROTON
ELECTRON
SPECTROMETER

FIG. 11

Page 8

M-913-65-04

10. MSC-3, Tri-Axis Magnetometer
In this experiment, the
direction and magnitude
of the earth's magnetic
field with respect to the
spacecraft will be measured.
A tri-axis fluxgate magnetometer, mounted in the adapter
assembly of the spacecraft wi 11
be used. The equipment instal lotion is shown in Figure 12.

MSC-3 TRI-AXIS
MAGNETOMETER

FIG. 12

-

11. MSC-10, Two-Color Earth's
Limb Photos
The astronaut wil I obtain photographs of the earth's limb using
a hand-held camera, black and
white film, and a special filter
mosaic which will allow each
picture to be taken partly
through a red filter and partly
through a blue filter. After
the flight, the negative will
be subjected to careful measurements, and the resulting data
will be used in statistical
analyses to evaluate the limb
radiance. These studies will
be used to determine if the
sun-lit earth's limit can be
reliably observed in the shortvisible or near-ultraviolet spectral
region. The camera to be used for
this experiment is shown in Figure 13.

5/24/65

MSC-10 TWO-COLOR
EARTH'S LIMB PHOTOS

MG5·8105

FIG. 13

Page 9

M-913-65-04

12. S-5, Synoptic Terrain
Photography
The objective of this experiment is to obtain high quality
photographs of selected parts
of the earth's surface. The
spa1.,c:craft will be manually
oriented from an orbit mode
attitude to a moderately high
camera depression angle attitude.
After a series of photographs
has been taken, the spacecraft
will be reoriented to the orbit
mode attitude. Four spacecraft
orientation maneuvers will be
required during which approximately 40 pictures will be
taken over areas of the
United States. Figure 14 shows
one of the photos taken by Gordon
Cooper which is similar to the
terrain photographs planned .

13. S-6, Synoptic Weather
Photography
The objective of this experiment is to learn more about
the earth's weather systems by
obtaining high quality photographs of selected cloud formations. As in experiment
S-5, the spacecraft will be
oriented from an orbit mode
attitude to a moderately high
camera depression angle attitude.
After a series of photographs
has been taken, the spacecraft
wi 11 be reoriented to the orbit
mode attitude. Approximately
10 orientation maneuvers will
be required during which
approximately 40 pictures will
be taken. The photograph shown
in Figure 15 taken by Gordon
Cooper is similar to those planned
on this flight.

5/24/65

GEMINI DPEltllfNT NO. S.5

SYNOPTIC TERRAIN PHOTOGRAPHY

PURPOSE

OITAIN HIGH QUALITY PHOTOGIAPHS
Of THI EARTH'SSUlfACf

EQUIPMENT 70MM CAMERA AND fllM
WEIGHT I LI.

VOlUMI 0.036 CU. n.

PROCEDURE POSITION sm1mn, TAIi
PICTURES

LOCATION

,.,.

PRISSURIZID CAIIN

.:t

PMOTOGUIH Of THI HIIAlAUS IN THI NIDIA, IIIPAl, 11111 IOROII AHA, THIN IT ASTRONAUT
l. GOIDON C00,11, JI., DUIING HIS 22-01111 IA-f IIISSION.

MC4· 1768

FIG. 14

GOIN OPIIIIINT NO. S-6

SYNOPTIC WEATHER PHOTOGRAPHY
PURPOSE

OITAIN HIGH QUALITY aoue
PHOTOGIAPHS

EQUIPMENT 10 11 CAMDA Me ,u

WEIGHT

I LI. YOlUMl

0.036 cu. n.

PROCEDURE POSITION SPACKWT Me TAIi
PNOTOGIAPIIS

lOCATION PIISSUIIZED WIN
PIIOIOGUPH Of ClOUDS AND lffl IUIIIA 11S1 COAi!. WIST Of UNOOII. TWI 1Y
ASIIOIIAUI l. IOIDOII COOPII, ll, DU- HIS 22-11 IA•t IIISSIOII.

MC4· I767

FIG. 15

Page 10

M-913-65-04
ASTRONAUTS
The Command Pilot for the GT-4 mission will be James A. McDivitt and the Pilot
will be Edward H. White, II. The backup flight crew will consist of Frank Borman
as Command Pilot and James A. Lovell, Jr., as Pilot. Their pictures and biographies
follow:

FIG.

16

FIG.

17

JAMES A. MCDIVITT
Born in Chicago, Illinois on June 10, 1929. He graduated first in his class from the
University of Michigan with a B. S. in aeronautical engineering. McDivitt is ma rried
to the former Patricia A. Hass of Cleveland, Ohio and has three children. McDivitt
joined the Air Force in 1951 and is an Air Force Major. He was awarded three
Distinguished Flying Crosses, five Air Medals and the Choo Moo Medal from South
Korea. He is a graduate of the United States Air Force Expe rimental Test Pilot
School and the United States Air Force Aerospace Research pilot course. He served
at Edwards Air Force Base, California, as an experimental test pilot. McDivi tt has
logged more than 3,000 hours flying time, including 2,500 hours in jet aircraft.
McDivitt was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In addition to
participating in the overal I astronaut training program he has had additional specialized
duties. These duties include monitoring the design and development of the guidance
and navigation systems for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft, as wel I as monitoring
the overall Apollo Command and Service Modules.
EDWARD H. WHITE II
Born in San Antonio, Texas, on November 14, 1930. White received his B.S. from
the United States Military Academy and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from
5/24/65

Page 11

M-913-65-04
I
'

the University of Michigan. He is married to the former Patricia E. Finegan of
Washington, D.C. and has two children. White, an Air Force Major, received
flight training in Florida and Texas, following his graduation from West Point.
He attended the Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base,
California, in 1959. White was later assigned to Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, Ohio, as an experimental test pilot with the Aeronautical Systems
Division. In this assignment he made flight tests for research and weapons
systems development, wrote technical engineering reports, and made recommendations for improvement in aircraft design and construction. He has logged more
than 3,600 hours flying time, including more than 2,200 hours in jet aircraft.
White was named as a member of the astronaut team selected by NASA in
September 1962.
FRANK BORMAN
Born in Gary, Indiana on March 14, 1928. He received his B.S. from the United States Military Academy
and his M.S. in aeronautical engineering from the
California Institute of Technology. He is married to
the former Susan Bugbee of Tucson, Arizona and has
two sons.
Upon graduation from West Point, Borman, now an Air
Force Major, chose an Air Force career and received
his pilot training at Williams Air Force Base, California
From 1951 to 1956 he served with fighter squadrons in
the United States and in the Philippines and was an
instructor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at
the U.S. Military Academy, West Point. He was
graduated from the USAF Aerospace Research Pilots
School in 1960 and later served there as an instructor.
In this capacity he prepared and delivered academic
lectures and simulator briefings, and flight test briefings on the theory and practice of spacecraft testing.
Borman has logged more than 4,400 hours flying time,
including more than 3,600 hours in jet aircraft.
Borman was one of the nine astronauts named by NASA
in September l 962.

FIG. 18

JAMES A. LOVELL, JR.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 25, 1928. He
received his B. S. from the United States Naval
Academy. Lovell is married to the former Merilyn
Gerlach of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and has three
children.
Love II, a Navy Lieutenant Commander, received
flight training following his graduation from
Annapolis. He served in a number of Naval
FIG. 19
5/24/65

Page

12

M-913-65-04
aviator assignments including a three year tour as a test pilot at the Naval Air
Test Center at Patuxent River, Maryland. His duties there included service as
program manager for the F4H Weapon System Evaluation. Lovell was graduated
from the Aviation Safety School of the University of Southern California. He
served as flight instructor and safety officer with Fighter Squadron 101 at the
Naval Air Station at Oceana, Virginia. Lovell has logged 3,000 hours flying
time, including more than 2,000 hours in jet aircraft.
Love II was selected as an astronaut by NASA in September 1962. In addition to
participating in the overal I astronaut training program, he has been assigned
special duties. These duties included monitoring design and development of
recovery and crew life support systems. These include space suits, environmental
control system and developing techniques for lunar and earth landings and recovery.
TRAJECTORY
The launch trajectory
for the GT-4 mission
wi 11 be similar to that
flown by GT-3. lnserti on wi 11 be at the same
altitude, 87 miles, but
the first apogee of GT-4
will be 161 miles. The
Gemini launch sequence
is shown in Figure 20.
FLIGHT PLAN
In addition to the various
orbi ta I maneuvers to be
pe rformed during the mission, as ca Iled out in
Table II, other activities
will be taking place as
is shown below in Table
111, a summarization of
the Flight Plan. The
consumable items loaded
onboard the spacecraft
are shown in Table IV.

811Ul

.

A200.m
L
T

MODE 111: SHUTDOWN
j •SEPARATE SIC
5:10 CHANGE -·-·- •RETRO &REBffllY
ABORT MOOl
SEflllNCE

2:48 START
RADIO GUIDANCE
2:34 BECO
5.5G·s

I

T
U 75,000'

11:SHUTDOWN
SALVO RETROS
~.ET11SON RETRO

1·-

1:40 CHANG
ABORT MOOE

~ 42.000'

j.

•=SEOllll:E

1:19 MAX Q

2500'

IIElAYEO AQIE U:SfUTOOWN
•WAIT 5SECONDS
•SALVO RETim
•JETTISON RmO
SECTIII
0:50 CHANGE ABORT····-···-· ••
•I.AIIN SBIIIIG
MODE
Q:23 START PITCH

2000·

Q:20 STOP ROLL 012•

25.000'
15.000'

~l

l:EJECT

Q:10 START ROLL oas·

-

:OO LIFT OFF- - ...-- _ _ _ _ _ _ _...

0

50

•

RANG -NAUTICAL MIES

FIG. 20

•
5/24/65

Page 13

MANEUVER

~v

HP/HA
AFTER
MANEUVERS

POINT OF
APPLICATION

TRANSLADIRECTION TIONAL
OF THRUST THRUSTER

PURPOSE

Sepa ra tion

l0FPS

87/161 N.M.

SECO+2-

FWD

AFT

S/ C-Booster Separation

1

?FPS

91/161 N.M.

2d Apogee

FWD

FWD

Adjust lifetime {for insertion dispersions.
Evaluate thruster operation.

2A

12FPS

Apogee of
30th Rev.

FWD

Left

Ad just Iifetime.

+TSC #1

5FPS

Approx. 15 min
afte r 2A

Left

Right

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
characteristics of thruster plume .

TSC #2

5FPS

5 min. a fter
TSC #1

Down

Up

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
c haracterist ics of th ruster plume.

TSC #3

5FPS

5 min after
TSC #2

Up

Down

Evaluate thruster operation. Determine visual
characteristics of thruster plume.

28

27FPS

Perigee
fol lowing 2A

AFT

AFT

Adjust lifetime.
application.

Evaluate 3-axis

3A

4FPS

Apogee of
45th Rev .

FWD

FWD

Adjust Iifetime.

Evaluate thruster operation.

3B

6FPS

Perigee
following

AFT

FWD

Adjust lifetime.

Evaluate thruster operation.

94/ 134 N.M.

93/ 124 N.M.

Evaluate thruster operation .

s::

-b

(,J

4

1 l0FPS

45/99
(45/97)*

*FOR PACIFIC LANDING
+TRANSLATIONAL SYSTEM CHECK

62d Rev.
{or 66th Rev. )*

AFT

AFT

Achieve OAMS retrofire.
operation.

Evaluate thruster

I

°'I
0,

~

M-913-65-04
TABLE Ill
IN-FLIGHT ACTIVITIES
Time
Revolution
No.
HRS:MIN
0:12
1:45

1
2

4:35
7:45

3-4
5-6

11:15

7-8

13:05
17:05
19:52
24:00
25:58
29:25
31 :20
31 :40

9
11
13-14
16
17-18
19
20
21

33:20

22

43:00

28

44:25

29

46:48

30

47:33

31

52:30
54:35
56:35
70:26

76:30
77:20
90:45
95:45
96-35

33-34
35
36-37
41
46

49
50
58
61
62

97:32
97:46

5/24/65

63

Function
p
CP

EVENT
Insertion Check I ist
D-9 Experiment
Translation Maneuver
D-6 Experiment
MSC-1,2,3, and 10 Experiments
M-3 Experiment
MSC-2 and 3 Experiments
D-8 Experiment
D-9 Experiment
D-1 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
S-5 Experiment
HF Communication Tests
D-9 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
MSC-2 & # Experiments
D-8 Experiment
D-8 Experiment
S-6 Exoeriment
S-6 Experiment
S-5 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
MSC-1 Experiment
Translation Maneuvers
Translation Maneuvers
Thruster Failure Check
Power Down S/C
S-5 Experiment
S-6 Experiment
M-3 Experiment
D-9 Experiment
MSC-2 & 3 Experiments
S-6 Experiment
D-9 Exoeriment
Translation Maneuvers
M-3 Experiment
Apollo Yaw Orientation
Power Down S/ C
M-3 Experiment
D-9 Exoeriment
Power Down S/ C
M-3 Experiment
Pre Retro Checklist, TR-5 Minutes
Checklist, TR-1 Minute Checklist
Retrofire, Retro Jettison, Post-Retro
Checklist
Reentry, Drogue Chute Deploy, Pilot
Chute Deploy, Main Chute Deploy,
Two-Point Suspension, Touchdown,
Post-Landing Checklist

Page 15

X
X
X
X

X
X

Dav

Niaht

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X

X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X
X

X

X
X

X

X
X
X
:.<.

X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

)(

X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X
X

X

X

X

X
X
)(

M-913-65-03
TABLE IV
GT-4 CONSUMABLE LOADINGS
ITEM

QUANTITY

REMARKS

Batteries

703 Ibs. based
on a 2400 A-h

Each battery has a
400 A-h capacity

OAMS Propel Iants
Odixizer
Fuel

246 lbs
164 lbs

Oxygen
Primary
Secondary

52 lbs
13 lbs

Lithium Hydroxide

97 lbs

Food

lb lbs

Drinking Water
Spacecraft
Adapter

14 lbs
61 lbs

RCS Propellants
O x idize r
Fuel

40. 4 lbs
3l.61bs

Egress bottle are also
carried if ejection is
required.

GEMINI PARACHUTE LANDING SEQUENCE
50,000 FEET

LANDING SEQUENCE
21 , 000 FEET

At the end of the mission, the parachute
landing sequence shown in Figure 21 will
be employed. One item that should be
mentioned in this regard is that should the
84-foot main parachute fail to open, the
crew can abandon the spacecraft by ejecting and using their personal parachutes to
effect a safe water landing. The latter
sequence would also be employed should
the spacecraft come in overland instead of
the intended water landing.

9,600 FEET

9,000 FEET

1,500 FEET

5/ 24/65

Page 16

-

!'

6,700 FEET

HIGH ALTITUDE
DROGUE CHUTE
DEPLOYED

t

10, 600 FEET

SEA LEVEL

FIG. 21

\

-

-

PILOT PARA.CHUTE
DEPLOYED

-

It A It SECTION
SEPARAT ION

-

MAINCHUTE
DEPLOYMENT

-

1_

Oft:N CABIN VfNT
VALVE

TWO-POINT
SUSPENSION

-

CABIN WA.Tflt
SEAL CLOSED

-

TOUCHDOWN

~~- JffilSONCHUTf

~

-

M-913-65-03

MISSION MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY
The Gemini Program is managed by the Gemini Program Director who exercises his
direction through the Project Manager at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The direction of a specific mission is accomplished by a Mission Director acting under the
cognizance of the Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight from the time a
space vehicle is committed to flight test until the end of the Mission Period.

TITLE
Program Director (Acting)
Deputy Program Director
Program Manager
Mission Director

NAME

ORGANIZATION

Dr. G . E. Mueller
Mr . W.C. Schneider
Mr . C. W. Mathews
Mr. C.C. Kraft

NASA Headquarters
NASA Headquarters
MSC
MSC

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
NASA HEADQUARTERS
Office of Manned Space Fliqht
I
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Manned Soacecraft Center
I
TRACKING & DATA
ACQUISITION
MSC
GSFC
ETR

SPACECRAFT

LAUNCH VEHICLE

MSC
McDonnell Aircraft Co.

MSC
SSD
Aerospace Corporation
Martin Company
Aerojet General

OPERATIONS ORGAN IZATION FOR MISS IO N PERIOD

MISSION DIRECTOR
...__ _--.-_ _ __ _ , - - - --

Staff
Gemini Flight
Ops Rep

DOD Mgr for
MS F Support
- - - - ~ Operations

Gemini

Requirements

Program

Coordinator
Security
Officer
Meteorologica l.
Group

Manager

Deputy for
Flight
Operati ons
At las/ Agena
Launch
Director

Medical
Director

Publ ic
Affa irs
Director

Fl ight
Crew
Director

---------------------------------Flight
Crew

Medical
Monitor

5/24/65

Page 17

DO D
Recovery
Director

M-913-65-04
TRACKING AND DATA ACQUISITION
The ground support network for GT-4 wi 11 be the Gemini Manned Space Flight
Network (MSFN) illustrated in Figure 22 and tabulated in Table V. There will
be , however, some mi nor modifications to th e MSFN for the GT-4 miss ion.
These changes for the GT-4 fl ight are prima rily in loca t ing the range t racking
ships in positions most advantageous fo r the orbits to be flown .
TABLE V - NETWORK REQ UIREMENTS FOR GT-4
Telemetry

Tracki ng
Network
G round Sta tion Code
Merritt Island M ILA
Cope Ken nedy/ CNV/
M iss ion Contro l MCC
PAFB
Patri ck AFB
lr.:.""d Bahamas G BI
GTI
Grand Turk
IAnti ouo
A NT
Asce nsion Island ASC
Valkario Fla . VA L
Eleuthera Island ELU
BDA
Bermuda
Conarv Is land
CYI
Kono N iae rio KNO
TAN
Tananari ve
Corna rvo n
CRO
CTN
Canton Is land
HAW
Hawaii
Guovmos Mex. GYM
Corous Christi
TEX
Rose Knot V i ctor RKV
Coasta l Se ntrv CSQ
RTK
Rana e Tracker
Pt ArQuello, Cal CA L
White Sa nd~ NM WHS
Ea lin AFB
EG L
M SC , Houston MCC
ITe lemetry Airc ra ft

Ra dar Mi strom Ac q. aid G emini la unc h
C
Band
X

or oth ers as I isted

GE-Mod 111 - G X
X
X
X
X
X

PCM FM/ FN

X

Comme nd

Spacec ra ft

vehi cl e

Li nks
R/T
re ceived

D/T

RSDP *

Fli ght
Controll er
Manned

A/ G
vo i ce

DCS Tone UHF HF

Xa

3

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Xb Xo

3
3
3

Xb
Xb
Xe

X
X
X

X
X

Xe
Xe
Xe

Xe
Xe

Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe

Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe

3
3
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2

Xb
X
Xo
Xo
X
Xa
X
X
X
X
X
Xo

X
X

X
X

Xe
X

X

X

X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X

Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
X
X
Xe
Xe

Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe .
Xe
Xe
Xe
Xe
X
X
Xe
Xe

Sites

X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X

(d)

NOTES:
a - Record Only

c - Remoted to ond from the MCC

b - Remoted to MCC

d - Three te lemetry aircraft i n pri mary recovery area

* Remote Site Data Process (R SDP)

The ground network support facilities include the MCC-Houston, Cape Kennedy
(CNV), Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR) downrange stations, the MSFN,
and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Real time tracking and the acquisition of data for post flight evaluation will be provided by optical and photographic systems, MISTRAM, GE Mod Ill radar, C-band radar, and the Impact
Predictor OP) 7094. The network as listed in Table V will monitor spacecraft
and launch vehicle PCM telemetry. The flight controller-manned stations, as
shown in Table V will display selected spacecraft data for real-time evaluation
and transmit these data to the MCC via teletype. The MCC will use both the
Digital Command System (DCS) for transmitting commands. All the remote sites
that are flight controller-manned, except for GYM, will have the DCS command
capability. Tone commands for use by the Range Safety Officer will be used for
manual fuel cutoff (MFCO), auxiliary second stage cutoff (ASCO), and Destruct.

5/24/65

Page 18

-0
0
(0
(1)

I \

TH
I

/

/_

I

\

/

/J

I

\

P

,I

C

/ I

/ l

w
I

0-

<.n
I

FIG. 22

0
.i,..

M-913-65-04

BACKGROUND
Project Gemini is the stepping stone between the comparatively simple one-man
orbital flights of Project Mercury and the complexities involved in the multi-man
lunar flights of Project Apollo. As such, Gemini's prime reason for being is to
increase knowledge of man's capabilities in space and in developing operational
techniques to support the Apollo Program. Thus, Gemini's objectives become:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

f.

Long-duration flights - up to fourteen days
Rendezvous and maneuver in space
Docking with a target vehicle
Extra-vehicular activities by the astronauts
Control led reentry
Operational training for al I flight personnel concerned

To accomplish these objectives, a series of flights have been planned of which
this GT-4 is the fourth. The first three demonstrated respectively: orbital
insertion capability, spacecraft structural integrity, and crew accommodation
qualities. The four-day manned flight will further demonstrate manned space
flight capabilities for the support of future missions of even longer duration.
The remaining eight Gemini flights, all of which will be manned by two
astronauts, are tabulated in Table VI ' with type of missson and approximate date
of flight:
TABLE VI
Mission No.
GT-5
GTA-6
GT-7
GTA-8
GTA-9
GTA-10
GTA-11
GTA-12

Mission Objectives
Seven-day flight with experiments*
Radar rendezvous and docking
14-day Extra-vehicular activities
Optical rendezvous and docking
Simultaneous countdown and
rendezvous
Direct rendezvous
Apollo-LEM rendezvous simulation
Apollo-LEM abort simulation

Date
Latter 1965
Early 1966
Early 1966
Early 1966
Mid 1966
Mid 1966
Late 1966
Early 1967

*Includes rendezvous evaluation pod
The planned end-of-the-mission touchdown point is in the Atlantic Ocean approximately 400 miles southwest of Bermuda as is shown in Figure 23. This is the primary
landing area. The GT-4 mission employs a zone concept for recovery which establishes four recovery zones: East Atlantic, West Atlantic, West Pacific and MidPacific. Each zone consists of a circular area with a radius of 240 nautical miles
in which various ships and planes will be stationed. An aircraft carrier will be stationed only in the primary landing area as ii lustrated in the recovery forces diagram

5/24/65

Page 20

M-913-65-04

GT-4 PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LANDING ZONES,
RECOVERY SHIP SUPPORT AND CONTINGENCY RESCUE FORCES

;J

DO
00

\)

~

00
00
00

30"

HICKAM 0

0 GUAM

O"
~

l~

PRIMARY
RECOVERYAREA

8

REEm;~ANEA

CVS

CARRI ER

00

OESTROYER

AO

OILER

0

CO NTINGE NCY
RESCUE FORC ES

"

0 PAGO PAGO

30"

/)};;
FIG. 23

of Figure 24. Other areas in the world along the ground tracks are called contingency
landing areas. Because these contingency landing areas are world-wide, it has been
necessary to pre-position certain aircraft with their associated crews, pararescuemen,
and paramedics so that they will be able to reach the spacecraft in sufficient time to
render aid to the downed astronauts. These contingency forces have been deployed to
the bases shown in Figure 23 .
It should be noted that there
are numerous types of aircraft
RECOVERY AREA FORCES
in the launch area and primary
landing area for telemetry,
weather reconnaissance, aerial
ARS AIRCRAF T
PRIMARY RECOV ERY ZONE
(480 MILES N DIAM ETER )
photography, and recovery
operations. In addition to
these aircraft there are also
several helicopters in the primary recovery area from the
LANDING FOOTPRINT
aircraft carrier that are carry(ELLIPSE - 200 MILES BY
ing swimmers. These swimmers
40 MILES)
deploy into the water and
attach an auxiliary flotation
collar to the spacecraft. Launc USS WASP AND
ONE DESTROYE R
area recovery forces are deAT TOUCHDOWN POINT
3 WASP HELICOPTERS
picted in Figure 25.
1 WASP COMMAND
AIRCRAFT
1 USAF SSB RELAY AIRCRAFT

~ ARS AIRCRAFT

FIG. 24

5/24/65

Page 21

M-913-65-04

LAUNCH AREA RECOVERY FORCES
2 MINE

USA
M 113
LARK
TANKS

LANDING FOOTPRINT
( 27 MILES LONG)

USMC
\ AMPHIBS

FOUR HELICOPTERS
TWO PHOTO JETS

FIG. 25

5/24/65

Page 22

NASA ROUTING SLIP
ACTION

NAME (if ,,,msary)

CODE

APPROVAi.

,.

CONCURRENCE
FILE
INFORMATION

2.

INVESTIGATE ANO ADVISE
NOTE ANO FOIIWAR0

3.

NOTE ANO RETURN
l'ER REQUEST
RECOMMENDATION
SEE ME

5.

SIGNATURE
REPlY fOR SIGNATURE OF,

6.
7.
REMARKS:

~ - Of4-· ~
~ ~~~-&._.

Q~u'

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1-~t
I

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1/~ I
0ATE ,

NASA 'Form 26 (Rev. Jan. 1963)

u.s. GOY[RMN[NT PRINTING o,,ict ~ 196-& 0,-1571845-

NASA ROUTING SLIP
~

NAME (if 11«mary)

CODE

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ACTION
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FILE

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INFORMATION

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INVESTIGATE AND ADVISE

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NOTE AND FORWARD

3.

NOTE AND RETURN
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IIECOMMENDA TION

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SIGNATURE

REPLY FOR SIGNATURE OF:

6.
7.

REMARKS ,

~~1" CT'µ:;:-

I

©4;~"'1- r#- ft{ J' c_
4.

l

~

z.s--

frGJ'

~0_

I

I

.

FROM: I CODE :

I NAME :

N ASA f or m 26 ( Rev. Jan. 1963) (/

C

DATE :

U.S. GOVI RNM ! NT P RINTI NG Off' IC[ : 19H o,-67'8 4 5

EX l 3

-

ROUTING S L IP

,
NA

E

I NIT I AL

N. G. FOSTER
R. L.

cox

w . A . EATON
G. C . HR A B AL
R . A. MO K E
F. B. NEWMAN

'
0. SM IS TAD

B . BROCKER
~

M. M ~ ~
FILE

-=>

E I A R KS

\..__

---- fLc.. ~

C,,vL()

z;

C..y 0~ AFT~NO<#,J Se-w,o~ <Dr
~ f. 9\& b c.,cn: I N- " • ~ f l - l,'-\Jrc,
Belt 11
)'.,; or· ~;omc.;U1j r.r ~ .Ulce t! ,r,.t ,Lovt', from looking

Now t he ai r ~l ow was discovered q1lit

a number o· y ea s ago wh en it wa s

.om t e ground the h ard way and,

stud · cd

t e ai!'.' 0 10vfedge on

at

uh

uh, by

etometer (?)'

,1.nd l,y ( tri11.nguJ.;.i. t • on) , by tryi ng to determine h ow high i t wa s

it was

many yea r n h r oJ"<• on· 1,a<l ::om,1 j< <'>L how ll lg}1 tr,c air 1.i:low really was,
ancl .ir1 a rnorm:11. wv
-<!

"W j.ll .lrnl.i1:1d,· l1t)W in u. rrv-.1.l,L<·r-

....it..

, ,. c..-.

~ Cu.rp ·nL(·r- wac ·· lil • Lo

it w:.J,,s .
W"l.ls

:L

th .

/\ncl

dis,·ov _ ry

111a<'l.c

:L ht vant 11~

.Looki ng 'U/~('
LK't.nd

tl1< : r1 lie: d:i.<t

·t

011

<:Lr:r-m i 11C:

er

[" seconds how

v.wu.y w:i.tl, :,0 y :r.1.rs of' hard wor·k.

Lh<..:.rc:

hut

pc,in t

LJ1c

t;h at in a

WIL~:

Glenn and

ccr·ond.o

in u mutter

Aga.in

jgh

the e

~ - c onds from

few

poj_ri L yn u cnn d > tl jolJ.

Nuw with tl'ic air glow t hen

wt· ' l l

. . . a band we never mean by

LL

so L of

ul1 ,

arnl J.jkc.: i n th· s lide or som thing like

red. l' 1.•f't't:tly tlc~ :i. 1'.ncrl

tlio.L. . i t :;urn l,j IIK: :; a Ji t;t;l • J'11z:1.y l,ut t:.l1i s

-

f

j s

U1c air glow band and thi s

C rp ·11t r nnd. li_y r·ock. ·t pn.::;~i11r.; L11r-()t.1/'.h the 'L.i.r elow.

TJb

glow

i t was u sed i n

dg

on tl11tL we 1t1~v, _
h .ard ttl,rn1t Ut:Ls mot'ni.ng uli

com1 rtion vlit}, l:h _ u:,,xtu.n)

X'P'l"imc.m L.; ancl ' O on.

th·I s is t h e air

Now 1 just wanted

to 1: i vc y 0 11 ::om(: idcu. ol.' wl 1c-rc; we - :;l.1t11d. in 'l id/~l1tnes s .

N w

ub, before

~tr.Jwv--~

C.-lc1 111 w-:tn

l.n l1;rvc· ,'.onr· ,i!'I' 1rl , 1

tl1v

thD1l1'.ht

W' L(.;

Lo have him i r l t imaJtl some
And NASA h ead-

And. nil , ull , ,John Glenn
w,1 :~ ; '. i v,·11 .-L

1i:; <I

,,v,'r

111 1.1.,-1,w ,

L1 1t·

i 11l.('r· l', ·1 ·,·11cc

(;;,,xt,u;r.

IJl 1

he ,

l'i .1 l.1·1 ·

I re: ,

11!.; ,

ve1·y slrnilar to thls t ype that was
did

not

have

ve

y

much

time

Belt l l
l,o use it,

did

but l,c

-rith the naked eye and h e

have a cha nc

uh

a thing l ike that y ou don ' t

d.oes look haz y .

to ob s e .,_ve the air glow

·aw it edge on and h e

name for it a t the mome t and

a lle

air · p;l w-

know whether it haze or l uminou s sort ; i t

Uni'or·l.;unal~ ly

tlt:'.t' on

l..,.~
may tinv
is

j t

:t

t 11 . pr·er;s and other p eople ke pt tha t

Jumillou$ l 1t_y·, ., ·.

·i.s a ~elf J wninout: 11-y r .
lle took t h

1:,.bl

to tim

a ::; La

1..1.nd

lie n ote

i I_; n.rni t u

t e rm

ReH-l ly, wbat Glenn saw

Thex·, · may be

" omctl 1i Tl/'. to -::.u.y ul>oul: l.t1a t ,

i.t .

it , uh .

. a nd really t he first time you s e e

•·l si:;t, ,• ,)11:,;i ••L .in1-~ 01 · dus t. p11:r:-tlc•J(\~_; :i 1ci s o <,n .
wn.

2

:i

littl -· d st thee ,

l,ut, the pr.cdominate feature

Now, C:.1.r:-:pe r,Lcr ha s mar.

int rfC'r:- nee filt •re• hack u p with h j m

time to observe
and uh , he was

p as'"'inf( t h row~li U1c air f~low a s the star was s etting
Tl ·cl

:Lt

V

y c-nre rull y .

throur;h the air

/'.low the u1)pt:r LI ; low r· and when :it cl .i :;app e 1u· :c .

From that

careful

LimJ 11e; inJ 'ut·ma.Li un ore wt1:~ utile to µ.i n ,town Uie ex act time of' the air
1-'.low.

Ro 1w: li.ly •)() l d J.u 111eL(•1 · .

/\nd Lili s -i.o wl 1:iL took mnn,y many years to

do 1·1 ·,,m Ll 1(' p:ni111 1d l,_y l.1 ·.ir1.rw.1 i.Ju.'\. :I ,)11 ( ·:·) w-J1 i <" I, i :~ ver ·y v ' r.y d.i ffic:u.lt cau se
you 1t<·v c1 · l<.11ow l11 n, l,u Lnk(· , ·,tr ·

Ln1nsml s s.i on W<i.S

u1 · 1.11111.

o ic;c1 ·vation .

Uh, we had h ped

J. iglrt 1vl1 :i<- il is very d iffi ult
I H'1J.r-

I.I1c

:;1111 ,

c111

c trtl, yrn1 ,·itn ~;(' ('

i t, c,1uy

1.ri 1('TI

the s un :is , oh, some

to s ee

C--

l:r:lt l l
v/1 •

l.1c aolc t o sec t hti.t .

UJ i, Coop e

some: L:i.rnr: sec :. ;.3tronauts might

was able to see the

White and McDivitt s aw the . . . light , ve ry wel l.

. light , and uh ,
Uh, the let 's se e

there ' s another point here ; well, w ' 11 go ba k t o t hat in a moment .
cason I 1,htnk have tt
lw.vr: Urne Lu ehow whuL

,,.,:111 do so .

UJ1 ,

we re able tu r

1· 1n1

ar

show what r:Fm be done .

:_:u]ts ,

v ry . nLc r 'S Ung .

11t1

t hat McDivitt and White

f ir s t of all, t hey saw a

Ul1

structure in the air g l ow a nd this is the fi rst time this i s
one inst ance

If we

be don<· lly r~xLem.l.int'. v i s 1..ia1 obscr vt"i.tions we

01 · Ll1 ·s • n. w r

:,om
or

otl1e.r dcsji.'.ns I~

The

a uh , .

e p ort ed.

In

i s seen some structure i n the

~i r el ow that they ' re looking edge on turns ( whlte) . . . . Thi s has never
been obscrv d b for e .

It is ve r y hurd to observe t hi s with a roc ket ; you

clan ' t know when to fire the rocket to do t hat .

intc.;rc ct:Lnp, tli ·ine; .

They obcer-vcd. unothcr

Lh • 1:,.1r.th ' :: -'Li..mu:..;phcrr: dnwn ·1ic1ow Lb . 111 .
1::: rcJ ,ortccl f"r.um uh ,

uJ1 ,

npac

l1y

l.l!l

They, they obse rved that .

They observed mcteo

o i ng into

I t .i :; the .first time a mcteo

,rnL onui1L .

And it. wa

a very pecu-

1.iar .xpe rjcnc:c l"or· i..11 rn I itru sure: b r·.-1u se they saw the things below them
own .I.nto t.hc ca1 · t;h ' n utmo::;pltcr(: .

go ng

/\u t al ia)
Lli·i.,..

1

they cuw u.J1

tg :I. n

ave

Th_y saw when they were

over

/1.ustru.lin they sn.w (southern) lights uh ,

ir.; L11e l'it·:::I; time J tl i inl< Ll1·i s i s reported by astronauts .

. u lo L Ile l. l:c r Lllan I

wl, l,1 · r1i1-'.l 1L l.i1n,· pl1 L't1,,1m·1111.

l.l11..':;,• :i 1· ,

::

pl 1c11<>n11'11u.

I.I rd, i :~ d •i IT.i 1·1l.l L P ll i.H•rv, '

1· 1·um

'rh

c 1L1ld.

1·c

m1

uh

. and

ut·c some inte e ting twilight

oc ·kc t s or sate l ites and they
(Jh

tllcy fow1d sunrise s more

Belt ll
spectacular than sunsets.
Uh ,

l;.

I will try to explain that in a moment if I can.

going to go back a moment t o what Coope r J uh , what Schirra

uh, saw during a twilight right a fter sunset .

He obs erved) uh, the planet

Mars and he observed at twilight, the sun had just set, a very specta.cular array of colas , he describes them very carefully in the report,
in the blue.: book, his 1iJ.ue book , and sumrna.rys blue book too .

d.escr-ibcd a ro.th r :Lnt

est:lng blue hand that ' "' three blue bands ;

you r-an

o.11 0chi c a. ' s hlues .

d.o qu • t

w 11, \./ i th bl1t ~s .

dark blu
l j gh L on
'j_t

. is true and he's able to
a da k blue , light blue, a nd a

He observe
i1-i 1:1.

sn ' l: know whether on

d ··_ fi ult word.

m nns the

When one says

lue was a

lighter hue or

nut 1 j t J it 1:ipp '1:1. ~ to be 1:1. iigr1t blue J and. one has

brig! I t J: •

W:l: ;

Uh , . .

/\nd t le worc.l "light"
d.o

to use these wo tls

or what t hey stand.

Anyway, we uh , from what these

ob se vations v re is (reportedly) on to a tape and is
and afterwards we are all very consistent .

construct this thing .

plca"ell w:i. Llt H .

We di<ln ' t quit - know wl a t this thing (band)

s Lill not too sure .

I ook :i 111-~

.

Ll1<:

:;11.111c

[; j rn le.::;:.;

,m • :I.~-;

l111,·c·rvj nt,~

, ,. appr·ox·im11.L ·ly

ul1 , 011 ,

L'r •om 10

t.!1inr, .L:ik

I t (H.·ems

to huv

rh,

1

l1J1

that .

Uh, we think it might be

tube 1>c'c:tuse th

l, ·r:!111.Lqu v J\ r· t.:Lmi.ll1-; :Ls

l,h lrik 11(1:;ci 1,.1.Y-

We had an order to try to

s cond t me around he was somewhat, he was

was u. t; f ir st · ,.,, 'r

11:;c·

. (debriefing)

The fir s t time a ound it needed a little correction

wr1en lkhirra saw 1.t; th

quit

Uh , he

Carpenter Jiad stn.rted.

Lil • O:loni sphcrc

t

. tomorrow is

edge on .

Uh . we

The ozonisphere

l'.> kilometers hitsh up to rO, someu 11lll.Ximum around 2:> or 20 kil omete s .

ozone 1i8 you know, is very ve y absorbing in the ultraviolet,

BE.:lt 11

·:wL c·tir11plcLc, ,dJsorl 1;.1.nl; lw·J.ow 3000 !"or s ol;ir radiation c.:oming

in

'.rlu:, t'C :i.s anoL! 1e r· weak band o

y ll(Jw, t:tnd 1~, .c; 1

jn tbc

6000
Ur r1

rt

i J• ·1iy c l ock

I ill

w- D.I< 1r1.om· l,11.nd p1 · :: orr, _(;h :ir1r'. .l .i k c· l;hn./., .

1111 ,

ozone i n the

ed,

• l,,,rnd uh , at , uh , di sta nce 5000 .

7000 and

\./c · I.J,
tir · )

r::

_.I

L11,:n·

absortion this wa y

And ·i (; clo

i:: PrLly an 1·q, 1i vnlc·1d; oJ'

:J

s 11 tract ,

tt

;2 rnjJirnc-tc1 ·s

n1il:iinc ·l,c-r:;

:t l·,mcl~JJl 1er, ,

J :i,g}1 l: .

i:; 01 · 1· (1111 ·~:" ,

!.11:1.I;

llow,,vc1 ·,

,·,miplc l.1 ,

l,e:1 ·1.1.11: :c '

(r:orrt,j , 1111.1.t:i on )

o.L' th

sw1-

wl 1e:n ,yu1r lo k at l.lrJs c:u.ge c,11 you ' re look:ing throueh

:,o i I. <Loe ,:: :11./.,tl-j,c:t out 11 lot uf' red

1

'L li('t '1' 1 ::
iv: '.Y .

c; 1•r·l.:r.i11.J_y

/\11<1

1,_y

·1 l.l.1·:1.1 • 1, i 11,•~

I 11 i'·w l. ,

\,/t • 1• ,.

l.:tkh11 •: ,

, ·,l./l'1'i111'.

ir,

]nl.

,1,

1.11 i ::

()I'

l '(•d,

yr • IJ.c, 1✓,

111"

1•1 ·<·<:11

:in

1,/ 1C'

lilu · sky any-

i.11a1. ,111l. _y1•11 ,·11d_ up w i 1.11 nnnLl,l·t · kJ 11'1 of' blue .

i :: 1•111:i. l. i I, 1-1.·1:: .

1.J,,,y l 1wl l11·c•1r l,:tkin1,'.

l,fi<- Lop

11nd

Ll r<' ~(•

.

w-il. 11

I~, . we 1·1·11 ' I, :-JLll ' <'

a rr l

Ll,cjr · 1'.11 1 ,:amc- ·a

tllll

l.h('ll ycst.e:r'l.iay ,

u.li ,

~n the

Br:lt 11

The explanati on

,· ,mr i r·rncu. l ,y p! ,oi;ol,';rapliy, motion p ie t trre photocrap hy.
I givr may or may not

J.n ok u. t all the

1

)C:

,ther p r·ohlcm •.

'l'l1 . r, ' n a l s o 8. dust layer in here within

l.l 1r· :.;j tuut.i.on d()wn

,lon ' L know, :it rtuty be v ·ry c· ompli -1-it d .
un oh .; r v1::1.Lion

I have n ' t had a cha nce to

i['.'.;l t , I don ' t know.

lnLer <·(in1':i rmed
l fh ,

by

U11: wh :Ltc

so wh

11

.Y• uJ- 1, 1.1.notl, cr Get oi' ast1·onauts doing
<:nupcr · mack

•,ume v r:y intcrcs tinB ob 0

,·J011ds a rid 01 · ,· our~;c·

Ll1 '

rcsL i s

:J.

rll)W

I Li'('

1-1 111 ·l,:i 111'. ,,11 1.11, · po

<·-v a1r.l

1111 .

,. l<lild::

s olu r !"adiation and
sort of

of ligh t here and y ou

l.'ucto1· <>L' t wo d :i f f

'l'l 1i s i:.;
p 1·1fpl,·

j n

you l o k ti.mm y ou ' r·e e;ettinc u.h ,

r·je;rrt 11 hjrnl j(·, , you ' r· ·· /'. t t:in1 ~ an ·i nte ri sem·rrt of ,
:.;c

I

''o 11crc 's another situation where

clown un t }1c <:l oud:.: und >-1.:i 1· p;low j::.; vr-r,y trarn; p,~r-cnt
Ll1at.. sort u !' t hin/~

l i clit too well

i1,Le C" Lin1:

e nt .
1eca1tsc the

I. :J.i. 1· 1~Juw expvt· .Lm-nt whi h

wi l l be

1,wl L. w1 • •

.

'I' 1r( · r ·, • ' : ; • L11• , I.I 1( • r • i 1 1L< • 1·1 · : ; I. i 111 '.

I. i l, LI ( • l, .Y- 1~ I ·~x l 1 II" l, .

ln 1, w•i L:1 l trt mnon . ·r is i

rJ

ct.lWttys

c;low,

l, !1 •
I.i s

('d gc o n u.lr ~low .

i l, i s r;omine;

thr our:h t he· rd r

But yo u also a:ce looki ~

through the a i r

oun ; you' r e l ooking so t o f taking t wo pa sses
jn::;tc 1;t.d of one , l onp: b i g pa t h and y ou a r e getting

1~- u w

:;omc .I i,'-~hi.. ; and _y1, u. 1H ·<~ 11ul. /'. -·l;t I ll'. vc r _y mur·l 1 l :i ht :f om t he s urf ace o f

1lJ i

i n / ,c• r·c .

\./, :11

I JJ 1,

l':i n e ,

j ll w 11i 11n ti 111 '. Ll1c ca r t J1 ' :.,; Jen, : 1.ntl p· r l ,u _p:__; the'
l,J11 u 1 !.11 '

/J. ,i , .

/ '..11 ,w Wi l ('J I

l,l tl'/ '( '

j r•

n11

rrl( )() fj

McDj v.il.t ,tnd \.fliitc·

i.l ' the @)on is out :Lt
il. w-as

1

J.i t tle bri r✓,htc r

t he ol·./1c r. wny ;.;,,rotmd.

l n Pact
Lhe Lit i n,1~ 1.1 1

t I 1c

<I a _yt :lmc : .

J i)I(: o.r tl.c.:m11rk 11 t;:i.on :i s mu d , mon: 1·1 rw 1:1.t n igh t

T'h c c!.lty-L:i1r1c

1ll.t.Y

tl rc <" J owl si l,1J:·t1.:ion

i :::

is

tih

But

1,;h •

Lhc•y pre f er

t han i n

v er y d if· i c ult

effec:t 01.
11. :;ccms U11J.t they, they

ituati on
t ytime .

I )/ I '

11 1:t ln·

.Y' •; : '

, •111•

i I. rl 0)( . . .

: ; l ..•t l.< ·1 •1, •1 tl • .

lilt .

l, 11I. "" I.

v,·r ·,v 1t 1,, , · lt .

N, ,I

1.i 1c

1d . .

l tll ,

t he v l s:tbl c

3elt ll
Lil

:d

.

~

r.;low from the 1·onL :i nui;J...Y',1c may have

c:u1..,.s e

C

pe ople t o think that

there ' s ::; om •Ll L.i n11: very n1c1.[~j c; a out Lhc.: 1~reen (line) .

,l

-

Belt 12

5~7'1'

4-477 atomi c oxygen g reen l i ne of the air gl ow

1

rom t he continual we may

have caused people to think that t here ' s someth ing very magic about t he
gree n (line) .

I f you are starting t he green line certainly you want

to observe the g reen line

are built very carefully to

obs rve (holding ) the g reen l ine j_n a nd uh, would continue (near) .

But

for

o.pplications it may not be alwuy" wise to sub tract the

(<.:ontinuim) .

In other words , while' you ' ce d nling with a nd this is a gain

Lhosc 1,000, 7000

. 23 mentioned '.h 77

j s

the green line right here

but tl 1ere ' s a str ng con tinuim rig/it nlong he .re .
thi s :i.s th

light we ' v

been talkjng n.bout .

visnl>) c nip;ltt elow cdr.;c on :Ls is t he total.
thcr

and just .

A lot of 1 ight here;

'I'his visual n ight (glow)
,.,o there's a lot of light

. :· n tl c :Jexto.nt experiment . . . . constructively

cr iti cal p cx·riaps th

r ,ason wh y th

. didn 't wo· k too well i s a f ter

one is throwing a wa y a lot of l i ght .
foe J.ights you. know.

Uh , t his is not a s bad as the case of

Remember years ago the

'rhey were li~ht wasters .

og light s were yellow.

There i s no r1.:ason, the only reason why they

wo. kcd. well is th .Y w 1·L· low down :;o cv ·ntuall,Y the yc~llow . . . . disappear .
Hut .YtYll don 't; want t.o w;u:.:tc /J.liY Li1'.l1t. .
ynu

t 1 1·

•

•

•

be <lid J>r.·c

•

Howev er

·r us :i.np: l;l1c 1~re e n l'jlter and McDivitt p referred
I ':i 1.·::; t

,,r· ul11~ r:rva.t.J1,n .
I 1ow

u.h ,

t o , 1.cpcnds a lot your own method

J do w:Lr,t to po.i.1,L L,uL that on' has Lob

on • rnak1.::i .

other

White will point out to

l-.t1irlf.'.f; ,

upplicu.t:i or1:-.;
tlie_y

n1 · 1d

e glow.

Uh,

you. wcrcn ' t l1ct·c ye st.e day ;

very ca eful
ecall any
. know a

J i.ttlc bit 1;tbout H ..
lfli , I think I

shoulcl . . . . . senr·it i ve ity H ' each of the astronaut s

start:i.ng with Glenn who l ad trouble getting . . . .

Well, I r eally don ' t want to get into that t oo much for this reason.
there will be a very

Finall~,

ine experime nt carefully planned through the .

I mean sensitivity uh,

Oh , uh , uh
he wa n ' t

O. K.

Well

Glen n didn ' t u <:hang

able to n!B.k c the E:amc a<.: ut

t o get . . . . and therefore

observations for example, a s Cooper

was a le to make bcca1.we for example , I don ' t think Glenn had an opportunity to really eet . .

and see very muc;l1 on the daytime skies but

you mean maybe, uh, tha t t ype of ult ,

W 11

uy, Y'S , uh, o

Oh, alright

v cn star light .

ine , alright , I see what you mean .

What was the (landing)

o bit magnitude?
Yes .

0 . K.
llh,

g oing bac k to . . . . let rn

Uh, in one

·a sc Coop - r \-,as taking o. small, woke up and opened hi s blind

continue with tha t

and looked out and he was on t he dcr.y s ide .
him, the

s u11

was d:Li:-c c tly behind M m.

any portion oJ' th

The e arth was d irect l y below

Do the

a.rth was not illuminating

window nor- wu s :i.t; :I.l.lumina ting anyt hing that the

window :;aw.

'l'hcrc :i.::; not prj ma. y , :Jee mlary . . . . a ca

Jjk• Liiat .

II<: hu.d. IL :p1·c •t,Ly 1~oorl s :it ual,ion and 1~ d i d ::,ee s tars in the

d:i.y l,:int<: ln.rl, lie cJjd h1d:i.,·11.tc Ll1at ltl ' wns ,1ot ul>l

w, • l<.now th ', ·e: ' s :t tJ.ny a i 1• ~low l>uL
J'.;

ab r,:Lnni :ng

f usu ,jcct:i.v

to S<' '• a s well in the

i ts vc r-y di LTicul :t to me a sure and he e

ob"c1 ·vntion of , of it s (me n ) at the

<>n uorir-d S<J
what

tt1i1.t

d urlnp; the; clny sid.<.: one can :took and observe p hysically

the d ay air glow is .

have the orbiting .
lem.

Now t his is very important b ecau se here we

.

next y ear and very i mportant background prob. observatories . .

Two of t he orb i ting

1:dr glow, t hjs air glow.

.

.

. are above the

nut the day air- g l ow is much higher and uh,

at l ea.st , there ' s p;ood evidence in the rocket measurements that i t ' s
higher and i t ' s sort of u.ssoc:iatecl witli a red air glow.

And,

so here 's

our situat ion where an o.etronaut was a1Jle to : mbjectively note the d i fference
between day and nip:ht in the (sky)
sec d1.')\v.J'l to 7tl1 antl 8t! 1 lf'll:ll '.Tli turc
were not

al>lc to sec so well.

Uh, McDi v·i t t and White were able to
r.; tar::;

where as the other a stronauts

AgEr i .n i. t may be: 1:t question of

(darkmcntation) p erhaps not that much more t ime but uh ,

time

...

t hey were ge tting d own to uh, the kinda of sensitivity . . .

that uh,

should be possible under , under good condi t ions of dull a tmosphere .
Uh,

should we mention a nything (about) the window (pane ) and uh,

to hear more about it, the question on did uy, White smear

.

.

someth i ng on

Lhe window or tak e something o:ff w:i L:h ld s elbow or somethi ng.

I t appeared,

rcom what w(~ heard, thn.t he tood sometl1:i ng oJ'.L' there h~s been some
nr:cumu.11;1 t i on ( 't) them ::.w:lt Le ring tile mc<li um on Lhe wi ntlow and we took
:~omc

(;!'

:I t

oJT m1<i ,rltcn

Lhr-011 1•11 t.1 1<' w-i11dow ,

i t look at whnl. lie d ici. they have to l ook inJ in

i L lnok.ed blac-k wlH-rc he ltnd. rubbed someth ing off,

:;caU.vrinp: u !T W-:iJ1d.ow w·J1l<:l1 !ind. a1T11m1Llal:ion (>1' little particles which
1u ·c;

brou~hL or- ::a)lll\:tltJ np: wl1i<:li wo11lcl get in tlic light t he place where

he moved i t :md. again

j t

lol)k ed.

I\u t 1cl'ter nll

the cockp i t inside is

:Belt 1 2
relatively b.l.ac k cornpa. ed to the 01 tsidc .

And th i s is true and they

J ooked out thro1--<13.h the 'Window 1.1h , there seem d t o b e a change .

In fact,

they have a pl'1 otograp h of t h is ( spot ) . . . .

Uh,

talk abou t that .

they are very uh , they say the astronaut s have t aken advantages of every
po ssible opportunity

t o note something unusual .

the (;opies . .
to the :futu.rc .

Uh ,

And he keeps all

. . I think we can look a little b it

I th ink we uJ.l woul.d like t o extend the

. r a nge of

vi s i011 o.nd the wa y to do tJ-mt i s w•i t l1 inn ge converters .
vc y ])rnc tic.:tl.l.

on ·

Uh, i

j s

Thia may be

des.line: with uh , the iclea of perhaps using

v iol t lens t·at11er tl11m 11 ulue to r...-;ct d own to a re g:Lon that is .

'L

You mn.y ue /7, t t.! ng into cl. reg :i on wbere the eye

many ruo e c·ommunt::: on .
snot ve r y

sensit i.vc or nots nsitiv • at a ll, yet i t is a very inter ­

esting re gion to do p ractical navigation well , there one can us e the image
c;onverter and hav
to uh ,

the eye become s ensit ive through a n image converter

(the near v:i.ole t) .

I' om roc k - ts that

There are many ob servations tha t have made

are 1 a d to repeat .

We ' re not sm·e thi~ happened b ut

Uh, for e xample , ultra viole t a urora .

uJ1 , two of th , se

nntl

L11rou~~l1 ,y_j r· ai1d. -Lt r:ot satura t d

WHS

a vc y st-.rong ll·: trnv:i o:JcL

Ftnd

. . in a rocket

it tm·n s out t hat it probably

u 01 ·1-1 over Wa]ll)ps Island .

t.w-o ol' tile ( 1;1:l<· t..,lmc Lm··n ) worked uml l>ec:iuse ti icy were

J,i1...-;!1 ::i;rw,iLivlty l111L tl1c
11u
::;11 t

otl1t:l'

t wo W-< : r·<· . . . . Wel J_ ,

. . to s uch
Lili ,

there .as

vj ::;1Lh.l • <:()tmt.cr·J)u.r.L 01 · thJ s aJ."c:t; tile e Wl:l.s 110 w y of knowing it ·
.LJ J Les I 1avc

•

•

•

•

•

.

11<; tromJ.uLs

. LLltravio l c;t 1.:1.urora.

/\us tralia visually .
c:onw-rt rs
11 I L.

n, vi oJ ct.

I ,.

,. • I I i

I

And f'o r t unately

Ll1cy

Wi ~J 1

rr\j t,'.llt p•ic ·k

might ' c able to l o ok a round and

•r1,cy saw l".hi" aura a j_n south

LI 1ft t 's l;I 1e bcginni.nt;.
11p

Perhaps With image

s om • 0Ll1cr · aurora .
C/'. 'i on ;
r

l. ~
1

I •

we don ' t know whether
:I

12

5

o w he: r< · af,:a i :, "'"n j magc, converter

,1jll <'nnvr•r- . . .. . l i1~hL Lo v •i.:-.;al J c

I i1 ~ti1. .

l, ;1eir 0 1, servu.tions

Uli,

l.haL have 1Jri n mucic o f U1esc neb locil.ies (? ) which may or may not

,,e so , th s • are ulLraviolet nebuloci ti . s (?) in the 1200- 1 300
Aw in on

r g ·on .

migli L h a v

in a rnutt,,r· o(' u mnm nl.

I think

Jir·oblem(? ) -.,,e don ' t

J i:; t

Lhv

1.11!'.Y t;cl]

t::iL ,·01,u11I.; ; when

1.I1i1w. on our

r,ror:r·arn

.voI1 ahou ',

anu I. ey ' ve

I.I,<: 1t:~l. rona11L" ,

i::;

th , wh en ... .

::;uvgcsl. w<' l.ake u. <·orfee 1;r co.k whjle

ohviou'.;ly 1,<:en d0l1.l.,yed :;o I
wail. for f.hcm ..... Wc ' l

cul. our· c:ol'f'ee bn,1:1k shor L.

McDj vi LL ar,d Colon 1 WI, i L

Uh ,

Jl I witril,<·d Lo ca.v 1.th , I tun ::;u1·e you ' ll

(,l111.l . ' :; a.1,oid.

l.h c,y :lf)l,) un-d ;

w

j n:; Ln.w1cn .al

an see this

In I.Iii :; L.Yfl<' or <'X[K' r· i.mcnL v<• r·,y diffic 11. t o uchie:v .

know .

'l 'h

or c ea te an i maee

luok o.t u linL!(? ) untl :;ee if one

M1 y1n· on ...

tlC'buloc i Vi~,; (?) .

',l(' J]

un j rnal~l' c onv er L r

hfav

silown u J her(' .

Co lone
an

Uh , mayb e we

r co11 11t. (?) , I. k • a min11l.c uncl .c ecouriL 1·0 -c th~m what w~ • ve cone .
our 1nLen1. l1L'r
111

was Lo 1,av<-' each or 011r· exp rimcntors p,o tlirougr1

i>:L< · k1-'. r· <ll111d or

: ,.1 :;u 1.ivv :;,1111,

I.lie 1'Xl'c' 1·i 111<'11L ,

/'.l)

lll' .VPlll' ( ' ( HnllH'til . :; ,V(l ll

I l1 r-ou gl1 1./w
/'.i •VI·

t'.o

•xp rim nl, , and

1 111'111 .v

~I.L'f' a,Y ,

I 1.11 i .1k l.ll• t
::p<·ul~<· r·( ·t )

w•J1Jlli :q11,n·,· i:1I. , · ,

i 1· .vo11

W(11il, i ,

c·omrn, )11I. ;-; w,d < l,:;1:r·v d,i,,11:: 011 "•t<'h ,i1 · Ll1L'..,e

I icip;il,c•il rllf>r'l'
l. /1('0I

l/11111

f.I1(· O(lf!Or·l.1rnit..v

l.l1i111'.: :
w< · ,,,, ·11!.

Uh ,

1.. 111 · (~:wil.< · lt w:,::
I<, IJ.:-;I<.

1.IH'.Y lall<.< •d :Jl1011/

l

u l1 ,

0

t.h

,:ave s,.'ll\e 01' .,·otr own

•.· p • ci.mc1 l...; , wh re ,vou

i11 opcrat.ion ·! ) ,

l'<.' W qtt(• .:i.ion u 1> ;1~,1 ·

a11tl , uh

ar -

';ive

on :..l ie o\.h('Y

I.Iii:; morJ1i11 1' . . . An c .L ,rtw ss Lhis morn · ng

I. 1r·<111 f'. l1 Li,,, m<'di1 ·:d

,·xp .riu1< •11I: : I · Lrsl . . .

Lhc me .i c· l

e:icpe r iments

<[j)

..

'

.

6

Be H 12
and ,

L, cholce

oJ.S

Lo how you .....•....

(l\.ctually ) Lwo r ours in space .
I don ' t think the re a re any questions on tha t .
Ha, Ha .

The X- ray s ( '?) dlcln ' t c.:r.a.1 se any sign if · c1::1.nt ha dsh ips as far as the ..... .
Lo fl lgh L.

'l'he y mtvl- u::: get up wh1-d. , 10 minuL •[:

a r li ·r .

Yr·1;.h .
you cw huck ( 't ) L ,uL.

W<: J

~;lncc Lhcrc was ,mly

4. 3. (?)

I gue ss

'l'l1ut ' s most ::;er lous p ro h em<• a.nd I wan Led a milkshake or something

as soon a s I landed and I c uldn ' t have it .
calcium until

aid I couldn ' t have any

what , ( 20 hours afterward s? )

/\s far as the flight probl ms
'l'hat' s a pretty safe f oar (?) my hce
M"ne ' s all hale

rlid.n ' t hurt at all.

up .

Tin. , Ha .

1 did.n ' t trd.nk yo u had enough

hield c1.L Lhe rnom -•nt

(?)

Ila, Ha .

1'he uli , phon cardiogram (?) like s ome of the othe r se nses (?) ....
eouplc day~ (?) Noi. so LhaL we coult.lr1 ' L

arry on the mission .

JL w.t ··n ' t any more t;oL11 ·rsome than u1.v ( l f the o Lhe r ones .
l. ' db'enh1 L •r•st.cd

in ,

LnLcrestc\1 ink.110wing , uh

the ..... .

rcsu It.:~ of Lhein .
It, h:;.~;ri ' l.

l" ( Jlll< )

lJp . .. .. .

v,• .•i.1 1.
Wl 1LL

I ' rn

·(• 1.dly

int.el'l'::1.vd

i11 is wl1 L'Ll1\· r· or 1tul. our m

l.l 1c

mi<·rupl1,>11 • enough 8(> Liu.LL you 11,• LnJ n lot.

1101,

ncc!cssar· il.v

1u·

l1cur· L .

I~ L. Wi '

i.

\)i'

ion dist rbe d

other· things ..... an

uh , a.lw· ys have the band on the ..... .

• I

.,,,_

.
Belt 13
ua

h- ... . . man on the t ape .

1'he EKG?

On t he bi ometry tape r ecorde r .
'l'ney we r e arr a nged in s uch a manne r that the - the phonocardio 1~rwn by it self was not

r cor clerl on both t ape recorder s .

only r-ccor dc <.1 on one tupc r •cor de r.

/\.nd s in,~c_: we were not neces::;ar ily

inL · r es tcd in thl: mun wl1u wu~ u.wa k<! , l,ecaus e
: r.ii.1 y oL1 we ·• ·n ' t. 1-~n ing Lo L
1.> ll<:

w ·nL to :;J.ec1, , lJ • !J

I' L.ight pr oflle

0 11

t.hc

.v

I, i omud
j om

.o

It was

was mov i ng a r ound

l,J

gc L uround t q t.t :J.L anyw:1y .

LF.l.J)

r 1 c:0r<l r

w:i.:; un .

Whe:n(:VE::r

Most oC- the

d .....

Do either oi· you talk in y our sleep?

~o , I d on ' t

eliev e so .

Jim doe s n ' t, do it?

The r e we re
around

ome - thr oughout the sl ·ep I f elt

move d my a r ms an

J o nly u e 1 bout hu.l

l,1t:: IJ1·:<: n

JJ, ,,

r ·<k po::i 1. ,,

tri d to get. mor e

I know I moved

omf rtable .

o f my "i r st Lhrc c sleep per i ods , whi h .....

b.v Lite l.lm

Lite l.ld. r d X- 1·ay was being ...

i. L l::; ul I he:a.l(:ci u_r, rlghL now.

Wu don ' L r ·,dly l1nvc tl1 c tl.uLu yeL ,

e hcu rd

ine .

h i. i~ rnurnirw I.I 1a t

'l'l1crc is nv hin g \ffong with it .
l ,ju;;t talked to Dl' .. ... .

13 Lo 10 p<: t'L'. nt , H to 10 pe r ce n t calcium

d c l' i. c icnt .
We 11 , we mud • u . .. ... uwJ

N"I. •p1i l.1· al I

11,1,('k a11 cl

L ,tm a.f r a i 1l .;..~ l o s s - nut quit e ba k

w, · w, :r1·

:1.

Ii 1.1.11 • 1·ur j_n11:,; .

We wondered iI~ maybe

2

o 1ffovi e ex Lra shiel • ng on tr,e right s id; of the pilot ' s heel

we

unt il a couple of week s from now we w · 11 chec
cur ios ity .

it again out of

It is not part of the p rotocol or anything else .

1~at ' s all righ .
)\11t ,

Now WC reali ze Lhat you have

1:1.re _just c;11 r'io u::.: Lo n na 0111, .

W(~

,j,1:.;L l,c; en pu.rudi111~ ---

jomp a r ound on it i.!1

••... Lhe mure you

more .i L <.:ome s back .

ou ' t know .i.f' you think you have lie •n jomp j 111~ more or .....

.L

[ wilJ. L1::ll y ou unE: thJ ng - I n&.ven ' L hud. my f':..i.lr share of ice
·re n ttnd mi
1

k.

llad yo 11 taken your last X-ray:;?

1

Postfli.ght

u

I ,c

10 < ays itl!<l i L Litrn

W1~

ju:.; L l1ad Ll1 m.

Cl.lJne

o

w

ouL Lo he l? , I beli vc .

tile '/Ll 1 r ichL , und -re

n

Lhe r e i t is

n,iw and

w, ,

I

I

,

W<, j j ,

i

i

,

.

i

V'Uf' i r::..;

L_y

t.11111..

I

.

n<.i

I 11 ,w

w': '

11:Ld

wi.;

di

cx:pec · i, . ti

! l o

it y esterday morning ,

o

WI"

l

,

u u l ,

l.11at

variable , but it is

011'

: t.

WUlLld

b<2 back up by

j ir-(.: .

mun_y )•<.:1·1 ·<; 111.

w

I ,c.: l. w, ·en l,i IC

v,·,·.v p r ,~li111i 11:tr-.v 1Hiw .
.:l.i 11

·C

I mean Lll:~L :i.s

it i:.; ri,il. <Jl.l i t,r, l ,,t · I< n 'nr

wl111.L
j I,

i 011:;

·

of exerci,3c, and ....

j on

IL is not u d irr~ct, f1tncL i on
cllr

J u

23rd, al.Jout the 25nl day .

Lh

I thj nk if i L . s a (\me

,j1 ,:.;t u

it was supposed to

.i.L ' s u llttle over 10 day s

011L ,

l. w 11

i.11,)::, ·

l\ j"

d o w n

.Y Il l ,

l : ;

/\ i!d

i

L :

C:in yo t

Lile r•c

1:l. l'C

t:ell?

S t..ill

.v,·:;l.c rdu,v , ; nd we - Lhcy we r e

p r· 11,t"l.i,·:,. l l_y w,·I. w11,·11 w1· w1. r c , hii,11~ i. t ,

i ,u t. we n.r e

:.,

ill

Belt 13
JH'O\.Jahly

4 l.i r '.:,, p - rc.:ent. b ]ow wha t
tho:;~ wer

f _Ligh L:; , ar1

_y, u wt:: r e wh r::n we took our pre ­

e::;pe c ·_ c.1.J l y the fir::;t t wo .

ve ry cons tunt

Well , if we are st.:· 11 4 o r

3

5 pe r cen

down , t hen we onl y we n

down

a b out E3 per ent .
High t .
What is the ~enslLivlty ··n your meU1od 't

Well,
1~,i

poinLeoJ out L11i.s mornine ,

:1s I

tlii 11k w

are de1'inlt.cl.v within

,111 s ·v,:ra.l mnchi_n:; - m .11.Y

w1: u.r e not. Wl1u.L w : 1:;

~

if. , erieml:::: on t he situation , b ut

prircc n t .

lt. - we produced i t

Li.rne:.:; we, /J;<.;L much r· lu::; er

th :-J,n that , but

we d1)11 ' I. wa11 I. Lo ,-~O 011 I. <1 11cJ ::.ny U ,al, we :1.re -

yu ,, r- ex.per i_cn<.:,: wlU1

I.ht;

Lt var ie s .

·M:cc i :;e?

Yes , well JeL m· <.:oounen t.. on Lh i.s fjr-::;I.

liecau:;•.::

deviated

C think I

l'u.r t he r t e exp riment .

But afte r

getting any exercise at

all , and ther e Li; a J tmit t o how mucb push ­

ing on t he

t,vp1~ I

xerc ise r t, hr ou1~ hout Lh • r emainde r of the

oL 011.ly a ,; a mcLl1 n

l. ll.p; •Ll ll ::

_[ :;11.w l ' il. .

I.()

1•: o

l1

of e:,rnrcj 1;e a s pn;s cr ir)ed

dlt,Y ;c;

/\nd. [ did do L. l1i :: t. llrou,~!1 1.1 1e r emuin

1J.11rl l ,c ('llpli.lJJ•·

Ly rn,y ::, · l r l.l1 n11 l.u :;o r- L 01· s l.n.v

I.,, /,;c: L Oll l,;; ide tl 10

i_n Lo a p11 mpk in .

Ii ·aJly . we w ' t·<· 1· i pul. 11 d .
,. v,: r-,yl.l1ir 11~

'l'l,<: r

our medi cal

: ,uu1l: LI I Ln(!

I. i k<: Lt at ,

:i

of the

spacec raft

ouL r ather

I

1a.n

[ Lhou ht it was f u nny .

J wa: ; 1•:(~l. l. .i11r1, muc:1 , l,:s :; exe r cise t han

w:_,1,:-:;

r

in LI,<· .;I .a e u1 · l 1ibernnl ion .

1<. i 11d u 1· lik<'<l _y,>11r , ·onm1•11 l. yc s t.eni:1..v , :;omethi11,~
l.1 , n Ii 11 11

n

al,w a " a J'o r m ,,!' r•x ·t·cis i.11:\ my ar ms and legs ,

liul.

pa::i::c•:,; ,

11nwr 'v,•, ·

2 days I felt tha t I wasn ' t

·1oor Lhat y o1t can do , ~;o 1 , ot c l ,i.cance f'r om Dr . Grady ,

1...o go ahead and u.,e the

1' I igl1L .

u.bou

a ::p1 1rL (i:.u·J.'f i11 1.11 ,; r1 · 1~l1t. whe n I

""l. , ,'.1;l.L i111 ~ ,·v c r ,y Ll1i1 11:; :;L,>n·il 1.Je1',11 ·c Lh

I h ad an i was g e t"ng

~VI\ n...'1d we

4

Be lt 13

ad a

ot o •

a fa ir arno u.nt of exerc •se there .

Then I found I could

r each eve r y th · ng that... I needed t o reach without real ly .... myself all
ove r the inside of the spacecraft .

I manage d to get all the food

out wh ·ch is a - in a lg is a fairly d "ff icult
f-'.cL

j t

w

i

tho

L

, j u : ; t .

-

I

lef't 1)11

alwa_y:;

wu 1.lclJ1 ' L go lme;k
l1uve

e fforL

a n y

w

hat...

'l'riey we r·• 1:.1. ll .... 1,.n<l 1.h·y

olT .
l

o u t

Wf: r· •;

i 11 l,u I.I 1c I 101 • an ti

und I j 11st jerke

got the first one

in 1.1. box ri -~ht ur::hind me and
It...

w,L ~; big

n o u g h

::;o

i I. wu:.; taped u ..Ll ..... und I

J

t .

d.i<.ln ' t

so J ,j1i:;L rea ·l 1~d back und f "nd it, ,

t.he rH.:issorr; an

l'for t whatsoever

I

ani.i pre t., Ly :Jeon Lit -. next m•~ul would flop o L

i_l,

would Lak

•ver, once

l1 u.n(!. LJ1f-': <\111. .

Lo worry abuu.l. .Lo.'.lin1,1, i.L

t.11en I

1;0

a sk, I manag ed to

c11L that

one

o ff, wi. h no

• d I antic.:.ipatecl Lhut I mi.gilt have to Lur n

around and read1 back in t,herc an

)UJ.

d o

a

lot of exerc • se s

t hut .....
/\notliu· thing Lhat we thought mig11 t,

_you !1ucl t..o mak

rov .i.de exe rci se just d • dn ' t so

And I W<.1.:m ' t l,IJ11L - I d .i dn ' t fee} l ike d uring

i ,.

a I < I. t> f ex •r ·.i :;(: :; !'or c:;crr i :.;c :.;nhe !>••cu.use wu weren ' L getti ng all
1.11,) ; :lr·e11

l.i1al. wit:;

t.11<)11 1-'.llf. w<·

I.,> Ii · du.i.n1-'. p1i::l11,p::

or

1~11_yLlli111:

I t.hi1d~ LtJ1.1.f. ::om•·Ll 1i ng uq.~i1l.
v<..: 1:.1.n.: 1t:.; • 11,'-'.

110L

1.1.

l1 ·Lv u and L ,justl l, sl. the

I ih\: 1.1,a L,

.u \;-• c111ul·

} 11 .

1.l1e

u wo.rk

I

l ear l.11 0ugh ~- re , I t1 i n k
in n

r. pcri.m•n1. he r· (• :L: ; i.L wa~: dcs i gnc
(;LJ.Jl~tc i Ly

es j re

I did feel tlla

I.he wo r d c;n: r c.: i.:; • r;J.l.l 1c r· l" t ·c ly he n~

:~en:;<.: , und :11,i;o..i11
11<..:c .:::Jar L .V -

:;J1,>11lcl

lay

o n u n o n

w-a,; no t

or u wnrh hear t cupacl 1..y te s

I

thi n1'. dc:1i 1'. n'd Lu pr vide Lb· cre w witli an extensive amoun

s

o

Relt 13
c1xC;lrc i :;e ,

a11d I

U, ink - I

1-~1tc:;:;(•1 l be l1n<i 1:2.1,01iL

r;uei;:: bC('.:.1.u:;r, -

5

you probably -~ might have

60 pt~!L:; l,haL yr, u were rc :flly heaU.ng yourself

11p a llLtl c t,it, wider Uios<:: condit ion s .

We ll, I made the c orn.men-L that 50 was k ind o f Lr-Lvi al.
Hight.
'then I said Go warmed me up in the :;ui L more than I would h ave liked
t.o Jta.ve !Jeen, I

mt1.de me a 1 i Ulc

was kind 01' wHrm mos L of the Llmc a nyhow, and it just

So j L wa:;n ' I. a r e al big e x ercise workload ,

WFlrmer .

l.!1c k i nd ol' cxercl:,c that. you would uo over ir1 Lhe gym.

HLe;hl,.

I L!1lr1k Lho.t, s<.>m<: pcoJoJe

Lld.ng -

thi:; exer cl:;cr -

l.l1e word exer cise ,

j1 1sl, :~<)!,

a miscon ception of this

Lti<:: J'act tl11..1.t. we call .i.t, that that we use

Uw.L we should u~<:: Ltie proper pros:pective

here, what ac Luti.11.Y was Laking plu<:c, wr,ich j s u very short spurts
ol' energy expenditur es; yes, l:Jut not, exerc ise lik e in a gym or
a real good workout, oi' ti.ny Lype .

Do you fee l

Llw.L the ventilation in the s uit was ade quate?

I did, but Lhere again, i t was adequate; but marginal.
do u. lot, or cx:c r ci:;e,
wl1cn 1•:<1
1q,

r~el , a tie:.1.t l oad .

As n. matter

of

f act,

wn:; cxcr-c·i:.: lng i t lo!.. f co1 1 ld :LcLually reel tl1c heat going

!11Ln m,y ::idc ,,t· L1 1e

l.111rn

.vo11 w0t 1ld

You couldn ' t

I di,d ul I during

:; 11i.l. u..l:;o .
tl1e

/\rnl 1,:,t hall,, -

Ed i'clL w:ir mer

f 'J i1.':f1L.

I think you itrc u w1J.r e L11nL .vo11 l!ad Lljl'fci-ent Lt'mperat11res on our suits ..
Wlii. c 11 wi lJ lic.l.J> ,:x:plu.:i.n I.he di l'f'erent-v Ln th() rcelings as far as the
<·11vi.ru11.men\,.
IJow co1!1u. .Y<ll1 J'el.!.l. Ll1e l10u.L whc.m he cx:eccisecl'!
Well,

i L i:;

it

clos, •d loop.

'!'here are Lwo brancl1es to the loop.

...
Belt
L:1e hot, air went o t , went. through a bunc.

l3u.L
un

eventua.l ly <~a.me

mine d.id .
t.i.nothe r

H

a ck into both of our

di dn ' t have a c lo se

of

13

6

c ontrap tion s

su its again ,

loop for himself only, and I had

We had u clo.s d loop t h.1t was closed - but we

clo ce d loori .

t l e air

wr;re f,f~r.1, u I" t, h t; 31'1-me mi ,di u.n :i ·u.l \.lfl j , , so thuL 1mytim
1 • 1· 1J.

same way that

temp -

L,ir·c: wenL up 1.11 L11

hr.;i,1, L

1.0

•t

or 'Wli<:: Lite r .[ w .ld ,<J the 11,:u l,

tu

•

t

i. t. wcni. nc ros s

lieut C::xc ange r u d i t was onl.v takjng out so m1

·he

h of the heat , so

.it essentially i t came .in a liLtle h.i.r.rhe r tempe r atur e than i t would
have i f he wasn ' t

exe rc ising .

So , you can notic

these small temp­

~ r ature change s .
Wtts Lh ' no j t : - level assoclut

I

d wi tt, the c old u. i.r through the ....

Lllink SO , yes ,

l' r·ob11hl,v no ,

IJuL [ Lhink .oroJal,ly .v01 1r 110i s e .in .vour

·r - wns s o mucl1 rn0.r

Limn L111J..L

y(/ 11

pr· li abJy didn ' t

· nte r com was even n ot · ce i t

IJ..!:i mu.It llS y,)H had .

You e;cL u s e

Lo .i.L .

J'u t. llke flying Lh · p3__:;

ie re Lhat is noL used Lo Lhe hot m11.k
e;ct s ri r etty
:.1. r e

usc1

l l11f, yt.ti

h,j cLiona, ~Lc i.ri

1.l.

you ge l

somebody i n

si.L tine; in then. i t p robably

shor L pe r i od 01' Li.me , but whe n you

Lo Lilul. , 1_,1,l' Le r a Jicr· i. od or· L im , yo11 .u1 w there is a noi se,
know wh:LI. i.l. j,s and y u1 J e:11i1 p11l. i.t away .

I t.1i · nk another

1•1-1•n · i :;c r·, l11r!. I.Ill' dt,;J i r•,. I.,, <I, , 1. l.l1t1111-'.ilL t!H·L·c was a Jccr 1;asing

I di cl wlta.L

I

I did

l.!11; :: 11:u.:0<· t·1,.J'I . 11rn11,t:<i:.;::ar· i t .v .
J

,Ju11 1 I,

IU l( l\-1

wlH•l .!1 f;('

Ll1i:J

i:;

."L

,,If ) I ,,irn11t ' r ing tL L'c>i ind tl1e in s i e of
/\s 1·:u· il:..; the w,1rkloa

i s conc erned .

e;etl i11;'.

c) r'

I. ired [l l'\,) CSS ,

1,o the l ack

::11.rne

r, -,: I i 111•. .

Lli <l _y,>1 1r fr :1.i.k 1:ll:c-Lri c :;Lul,lc; <: h ur,~<: wurked un e lectron and magno ­

meter

we d'dn ' t get any performance at

Firs t

f r om an instrume ntation s tandpoint , we had - the switches

were accept · l'>le

even

o me, I thought E

Lo ttu:·n Lh o:;l: 1.ltin/-'.S on , I
<·u.11

Ile swiv l

11

wa s asle ep when we had

hucl Lo r 0.ar.: r1 ac r oss 1.,ri.th this thing we
· o abo1 tl, Lhis lone:; 1;,,nd has an un sually

sl,ick wl1 i d1

::.l1aped end on iL Lhut we
Lhem

all on those three .

OLtld

r

at: 11 1rntler t he switches and flick

and off wi.L h iL .

di cl ym1 ::; e Lhe ... ... .

exl,enrl'(

No .
LL wa :;1 1' L ex.I. nded?

No ,

,msn ' t. ex Lende

• t,

IJ i.d yo1, ever

~

e tllc Lh

lJO.t:k encl,

i

y ou ge t far enough back

Lo get Lo look in deep enough Lo s~ c it?
No .
Di

you h e ar it extend'?

J\lo .

I ex tended l t I.he

'I'! 1rot e;I Hrnt I.I 1 , r Li.1:'.I 1L
:d,1Ju I.
, /11:;I.

'J

i11

v.Jl1

wl 1a L did i L

it .
ycle the r e ,

wu 1il d _yu11 :~ 1. 1.,•rnpL

l.u , ·xi.end ii

Going

• .

.l rough the

r; _yr.;I,· ali<>11I. 11 or· ', Lime:· <1 11r·i111'. I.li e f li;·:111. ,
c· 1J.::,·

:: ,>1m·l. l 1i1 1~'.

111ii-'.l1L 1-'. ' :I. <nil. I.>

rttil.11 i 11;-'.

w(-.. pru mlJJ y -

see

l.hu.l. IJ,I1.,.yorn) !,jm • t. h r<· 1,: ~:.; ~ome\ .11 in y wr n s 1.,ri th

w•>1J ld 11' t, exl.«:11<.l ,

.1 11: : L

wl ,a L -

Lime l n,t I really- clld.n ' t

Linu;:.; .

i 1, c: u '..:<:

1·;,t., ;11<1

l 'i r s L

·01 1 I <I

i I. .

w:L:.;

w ,· 111111'. w ii.11

it. at

w, - r v vc· t· r ·Lra · l.(:tl i t ,

n.11.v

::;u ,

l)B

i

Lim

if wor s ,

l,1,v,: Ji; tpJ >( •11e <I .

•11 did _yu Ir l.11 n I Ll1c t;w i 1.ci1 11 1· I'?

th:.1.t l t

'l'l ll ' . . . . . . . . . ··w i.tcli .

h en

8
/\s soo .-1 as
i L sa i.t

j L

w:.: exter ded

in Lhe

after ul1ouL jO secor

s or so .

What

ever

·1 • ght .

jO se conds .
Have you g ot uny data buck on it y et ?
;;e;v n <>n

hr.: c:ornpu L r .

/\ny ul.l1e r

q,H:~t. i 1m:; on l.110:::

Wl iat

U1 r e ··r

wus U 1' c:o:.: 1. o i" Uie ph o ogruJ1liy ·r

'J'Jie Wt;:.i.Lhe r

and mar· ne

pl1oto1-~raphy .

o· . you skip M C- 10?
Okay
I

10 .
say we g ot some good picLure s und I appreciate i t .

wou d like to

'!'here again , ll. w-u
lmve any

traiglil. fo rward experiment .

We didn ' t

i L"i"i.culty ~ri th iL .

T ' ve P,OL a cou-p.l
thaL

a pretty

of q11e:.; L.i nc abo11L Lile FJS5 .

u.me up llli.; L night.. .

I\ couple of things

You sa..i.d - .vnu know Llie sys t ma tic photo -

graphy aero::.: :; Ll1" lfnltc<l ~LateG , cvcr.v

'..>

sec on s , how cli

you t ime

that?

Count , or c:lock or how .
Jock tha

we got in

mL u t:· · uwl :.:e ·u11 ::; , fi.nd L 1e11 J cor1Lr,,1..Lcd s pu. c raft

o.n · then I

J. s a r t.e

I :;<•t• ,

i.t1'

t'V

nt. Um r wi L!i Lhe ili1~i Lal

J•:d ,· riink •d

1J.11

LIii · cnJr1 · r u.

at)( l took

111

I It -'

pi c tt r

llid 1.11<~ :;wn,· :rn l, .i•t;L , du _y t'lll l.l 1in k 1.l1u.l, one man could
lii rm;(; I 1·.

'l'l,is

l,1ik ·:: ll<il,h frl/!rt
L

Lhir 1k so ;

:;p: 1.('(•c · n _1,f"1.

1. :

iinpu t·l.nnl. l.,l

l..i du

.!\('

o thi s by

t'I i:~l1L pl ar1 , li O y ou th ink i t

i I. ·t

i L wou l cl lJ • v c; ry t1 · (• fjc-1tLL
:1.:: yu, 1 Luke

I.lit- pi.<· l.11r • :; .

o time

-jt,

and '"'ontrol

t he

,.. ,.,
Belt 13

9

I think you could get some degree of pictures, but I don't think
.hat you could get the same set that you got .

The set we lostin

lhe southe r n [JarL o • Mexico , :): beb.eve I did one time when Jim was

b.S.leep , but it was not near l y as long a pe ri od and I think it
was onJy 1>roliabl,f about 12 p.icLure s .
tt,e c1.1untry

'l'hl s i s shorter :p iece, but

i.sn ' t v ry Jung .

Yes .

W•11, w-ere focusing it u,en Ed .
Yeah ,

( j us l, wan led t o get l L till :.;et up aheo.d of time, and by the

t.i. me we pas:c:ed t he re we <lid.n ' t chang

l t, a grcaL deal.

But

on the

pass that we made a cross Lh

Unit e d ~Late s, iL wo.s , I think, most

pre cis ely held. straight

and w-r: . went much longer p eriod of

own

time and there were contr ols that were made, and to sit t here and

v1' th the controller and time yo urself and turn the camera

1' .. ddle

and take the pi lure , you can ' t., do

it,

as exac.: L 1::1.s you c an . •

1 w· 1 L -µu L Lh1 LL in as a l':Lrrnat tve reque .~t f' or my e xperiment

Okay

if at all pv:,sj l>J c , ltave boLlJ p i lot.:; on the joli .
l•'(ir

niw

of .v011r :ieq1, nee ricl.ures .

Y1:ul1 .

'l'h c;>S<;

l•:nrl

!Jc] I. .

01'

0Ll1;e

vrie.s,

L/1e

ta.r g !. ..... .. .

-

..

Belt 14
o . K ., I ' m ,~c,ing

o pu

Lhat . . .. udrlrer;c p refer request for my experi ­

rmmt if Lht1.L i:,; f..t.L :.:1ll po:i'' i.ble to hl:I.V(; uoth pilots on

he job for

any of your ~eq ence pictures .
Another one' s Target of Oppor unities i f you
....... . . . . t.be one::: I.ha
. . . . . you

the cont rols ••• • •

we ' ve got you w ren' L all s ro.igh ene d o t ••••••••••

on ' L nee: ':;r:a r i I .Y f>u:;:: CN<: t

I.It m

1.t1ing l.!le,y w nt. Lo Luk.~ fL T>i.t; II r

'l'l 1

on ' t nee

y uu know .

o[' iz ov'r her·

iL ' s best Lo

Lake a picl.ur, .

You guys cerLa.inly hu.v• your eyec upen
l.hut volca11

shot

buy s11me of those things --

\..hat re:;hoL sl..r11r.: u re espc<· i.u. ly , \..ha ' s r eally

going Lo give u:; L 1e miJ •age .
Could you make a comment, ,just. on the gene ral :; .u.billty of the
.. .. ... . .. pulsing und you ::toppe<l once , and you were wait -

:;p cecraf't

jng ; how l ong djd 11. take for r ter: l,o build 11p , for instance , how
I on.g co ld 1:.1.

('

Whoev r go .

h

ror him toge

Llow co n t. on 101:1ybe p,1 l l j ng p o:;ition

~uy i I, ta _:.; him a 1;ouple of

r t.c:; :;Lopp d l '
::1.ar-L·d .

11, v1•

l.o

,vo1i ' r ·

in(;r-t. i1Llly

i:: p 1·neUr·1Ll l,y nil • •• • •

.vuu. ' r

r

n'1111·tnlh· 1·,

l'ix.'cl

I.Ii, >111-~I• ,

:t: :

_y,>11

get• .v, 11r

rat.

••

u1<l l11<: Ll1i11(' ' :... rota .i n~"; 1m erne

:1.11 stopped

.h yo

so

L :: t<.rpp<·d w i Ui Lh • r e:: pr.::c I. l.lt:-1.L wha • y~,u wan • •••

l•'o rt..v llcgrc..::; Jl r rni nu!. . ... Jtt:1 ·

:.;

·<•1) 11d .

in l.l 1: ~:atn· v•in , r!o you noLic<' 1rn.v rc:Lc:l.ive m,,l,ion i .
1· r

ays

There ' s n(JLhi11{~ to make them i,?;O except that

r u l.al.ine; rn:u·liinc•1·y wl1\t ;l1

l\t 1l. yn11

n gen ral?

'L wh rn y u ' r

:i it:·· de , wl\ 'll you <l i..; Lur

he space -

i L , when y ou move aro nd

1d, n. l l'

I , ·,Hild t'<'•·I

1,:c1 111,,virl{J, a1 ·nu11il ,

l 11il

1-1l1<'l.i1c1·

L r,~l

it. 1 ving aro n

l5elt 14
was acLually

a:; .... \i cau ::e
1'elI,

.,

oving Lhe spa u: raft or whether I

it , either tha , now I

moving ar oun

cc:t.use he

move you r eally,

Jut I ' m s,lrC! that you quite fe l t some ( stabl e?) ,

L '-'

.idn '

2

Wu'.;

ti umping

I don ' t lm ow whether it was tha t kind of a

<> r wh t.t1e .r· l t, wan the :q 11i.·ee r1J.l'I, e l 'l'c! c· ts .
Y, >11 cJ u 11' l, l,1 : nd

Lo . . . . . . _y n1 1 don 't, l. 1 ·11d

I.,;

I

,hing I was fee l ing
don ' t •••••••

1.i <;l~

11p

Lhe:.;1 ' motion~

l'l'Um 1.11\~ ::Jl l( ' (.;CJ'llf ' \. • • •••
rcrnc111b •r

:;eve r ,'il Lim<•:; wh •fl I kicke d into tl111 !'ootw IL thu.t you

111intioned ; you co, .LrJ heu. l' that , buL J ' w ~ur e 1.tnJ.t wa~ ,just :.;orne ­

i.,h ' ng ,ha t he heard , a nd tbat I d i dn ' I, r ,. ally < i. stu r

Lhe motion of

,he s a ce c r aft .
u.!Joll

Wl1F.1.t

Lh • ext rnal ly ..... I mea 11

I :;u r·c

wu,r. .

l\u L I

u. l:rn lo w w i \,

coul d y ou cli s tur b •••••

I. kn •w l,h • t,j in

l,oo .

::

whcri , 1vhen J k.i.ck ed off

l111 r- d 011 I.he :;pac: c·1•1:J.i't , :·o I ... and U1i:; was t1 1,~ t.i mes l,hat I wanted
L<l

i.i;

Lirnc

L all I.lie \o/H.Y

1.LaL ,Jim r em: trk(: .,

::u. i d , " 11,-y ,

: ,.nd wlw rt

1;

::,:c ·ond

U 11'

'l'I 1<·n

\lit,

<) rt

I ,:ull I,\
w 1L:: ,

l.o

1.11

· 11d o f' Lh

one Lime
_yDu '1 ·t :

w !1t! 11

utLc r , and U1at wus th

J. r ealJ.v 1,1md1e

p11t.l.i11/': cu. e

,q ·

off it har ,

.wo d ~,:r ~e

er

·:p!'.LC<•erl:l. 1'1, . "
r' 'IJ(I

I, tC •••••••

wl1L:t 1,

.vrn 1 1"1u w ,

1vlt1'J1 .vo1 1' r'C'

l,lw 11"::c , 1u1cl .v n1 1 l\i<'k ,t,, wn <111 il,

::;i l.l i 111~

ut..

,)n

the en

01

!'.e Li.. 14

::1,u.c •r:ral'L . . . . . . . . . .

l ucer , uh ,
' Caus

t.ran::; ation of bigge r p':.rcentage t.ha.n mine wa s ..... . . .

y ou ' r

only t rans J atine; y our .. . ....... .

. . . . . . ne ed :;ome pictur es , si r .
llc , wh 1L ?

. . ... Di

you ju · t. fix yu11r::;,JJ' in one po::jtinr1 ... .. ?

I 1~::c:<1 p r o-pu r Liona.lly 01 · Lhc..: l'1Jel l.!1ul, J use ,1 , Jlr'Obabl.v , three quar L<; r ~_; or i.L

Lra.n:d.1.Li.ne in 1LLJOut a L'or!.h

yu.w maneuver:; t.lia L we r e mu.de

1:tnd l

or ii, ju st

in the pitch an d

d i_1in ' t try Lo tak e out r oll .....

I cli.d.n ' t really (put in ) very mt1c:l1 roll ; one t ime I c a lle d -- I

un

c· lle

out roll on my tape a cou.pl<.: ol' Li.me s

but pi tc 1 • . • • •

Cu ld you .... <lid yo11 lm e s t,a.nt. i..ho11gh L11at wh an he di

these pitch

warai ' i., t r ying f, o Lrans l ate , he wa:3 actua lly

and ya w ma ne v r:; h

monr_;Lrfl.Ling Ltiat Lh.i:: r;ould be done?
Y<.::ut1 , al) 1 did wu: piL<;l1
d1i

c1

l i!.t.:l e Iii.I.

r) c

y aw :1 1. · ttle hit , y aw ,

n JiLI.JP 01 · Lh i :: Ly-p<.: of m:rnc1ivc r·:: wil.h i t. , :ind to see i l I could

: :1.01)

iL and

p1J1 . i11 jn :;...i

.!1al. -1 did11 1 I. p11L a.JI

I.he mo ion s i.n too .

:;., iL w1J.::;n ' 1. l.r·1it.v , -1 :;<...::' wl11.1.I. Sim ' :; dr:-iving a1. . .. tha
1-1:1.nl, 1.0 :;n,v Lla.1.I. Lu Lr un:.: Lu. .c f' roni po i.111. A t t i ll i s

i11 Lr 1,.n:;Je1.1.iun

:Lnd

;.1,

quarl.cr in al.l.i[.11rl: .

you don't

hrce qus.r ers

'L'l\aL ' s whu . ym

were

Yc : al1 .
ll l' m,y 1'11c ( i.11:d .
I. 1·:u1:: I :ti , i_u1 1 ,,111 I

c·,J.r-r.Y

i 11 I.lie

1,;1nI

I pn1bably u ·c thre

a q1mr I.< ' r· in :-1.l. Li l.1J1 le ,

lli1 L yP t t

quar ters in

Jon ' t. need ve r y mu h

4
Ont: 1, • me I 1J,uL pl ~<.:bt;•J c,v(;r bacv.wards and I did use

111 at. I. ·. ,udt: .

1.,ne g n Lo La. e r,riat out , beca se I

j st didn' t want to use the oxy-

ge n .
. .... some of the ( numbers ? members ?) say

One more qu ·ck ques ion :

t..lJaL you were movin , the :;tr u Lure about in a one - side configuration ••••••
LL ' ::; _prett y big , but it. ve .Y well ht.1.~, Lo be wl thin y our work area-.:rou know,

• r1 your :,;ui t, you ' r e ra ther restric t,ed on whe r e y ou reach

you don ' t

r ,, ci.Cb IJIH.lcrnet:t.Lh and behind _you especially, but out

·r e. guy would ' v~ iluudt:n me ~~om - thi ng

rronL-

hat ' s

n

i g , I coul ' ve

ll t.ld ii., .

'1'<..m

Lwenty ft:: e t, .....

'!'en , right , Len .. . ..................... 'l'en by Len sec j ons •• ••• ••
Wai t, n ow wait a minute, we ' r e talking about Gma.ller

tings right

no w- .
•r n

y ten what?

........ Mov·ng where ? lJo whuL with iL ?

1 cuu l cln ' L inove i 1., 1.n

-j nch ,

how w,>uld J move i.1.'?

J ' de

l,e aus ! l won dn ' L have anything to •••
Lhe 01.l1cr way ii' 1 mov ed ·· t

t

Ls way •

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I'ropu I :; .Lon .. .•• (:q,ia.J '?

,~•> ,

I dor ' t. 1,tiinl,

w i Ll1

i I, ....

v,:u.!1 .

1

<111•

t.hing

Y<->U 1~uL a

8C•~

.!1i:;

i:, 11:; ,

,,,11:1.I. ,Y<lll 1 r· c

,Y lH J 1~ot.\.1),

ii,'::; 1i1ll. wl\aL

i11L,·n!::.;Le.t

w,· w re ien.-ns ra 'ng

ill .

l,c , ·1H ·,•1'1tl o r. • •

· 'nLer ul' gruvit.V L11:.1.t

its

hing y ou 'r

talking ab out ,

j•,,: 11,

14

.r<:;a ly v ry ,1<"· I. I gr~ L pr 'I, Ly cl.ose .

1 knew wh er

mine was .

These t hing~ , these things ar e weightless up there but they're not
ha:;kets thaL fly away , one

y ou get tlle ·e th ings goin , y ou gott a

i. l' you :; L:irLed pu:;r i. 11~ , if you had a • •• some me· ns

:; .op Lhem 1.wain

,1t' p r OJJOI'Ul>n , you ' ve f~oL :;omcLhirw I ilH: the :;i.des of Lhis

KO ·ne,, 1.1.n

il' ' L l, i L Lhn.t. wall

O Wll

able

i L ' c..l. go r ight through

Lh1! r <; ,

i L.

'l 'h.i s i~ tl'lc gen ra I flU ::; I.ion .I ' m 1(;1J.n i ng
ing to get i L . .. wiLh the

1~ i t , wel , I ' m try-

t :

i~tjncLion -t,110.t yo u can u se i t ••••• aut o-

matic tape cl.a.bi.liz.a tion ..••.••
You ' d have t.hc :.;rune pro l

m wi h automatic s tabilization t hat y ou

would . . . . . "ure .
But wi.Ll:1 aut.owa U c stauilization you mlght , i t would set down in
I' i.ne ( re i; • s Lune: ' Lo ) t he mo Lion wher
w iLh n

g1U1

prolHl.bJy ,

_y o11,

wo11L ll yo11

wj th

tlYi :: thing you would.n' t •••

kn<M , ho w Lo find , you ' ve

gotta

[' i llli ..... . . , .

Y1>11

111(•11.11 ,

.Y"" !1av,: l.q l 'i 111L

y()u ' v,· held un Lt

y,HH"

11.ut.0mal. i e

a I, n hy Len box ,

stalii lization

s soon as

i L wo 1

s L· bilize you and i t

_,

i. t wOL ld s tar

t.00 ·1

W•lJ ,

i 1'

y,111

<:ou.l cl :.; t • .I I hol cJ on

~n

for Li1 ,

r· .

Lh

t:l.:.1.Ji.]i'I.

Ul1

a1J wil.ltin limil.:; ul ' Li:; conLroJ • • • • ••

Y,:tt.ll ,
::,•(.; ,

[ Ll1i111<.
j I'

,Y )II

f' ring

,VOii

l11.1.d

It

would !'i nd

:: _y:.:;L<'lll

l,11:1.L

, )11l.

W

Ll1;d . iL wasn ' L

u]d :;l. t· av

esig.ed to do that .

,o y,) L •••

Y(Ht hwl

1..1.

::ys1,1~u,

1.111,.t

Wu. :; :;L rappc~

Lo

you ttai..

11:.1.d automat ic ··i.,.abil.izat •on and t r anslation of a pe r son , well ,

than you ' v e got the whole of a box or something that you were holding whe n you we r e down in one c orner of it .

I ' m s u r e that y ou woul d ' nt

buve engouth stabili:L.atlon con\..rol author i ty

o handle the t r ansla tion

,1('

·oml:thi n~~ like that , be<:au1c;e yo u ' re putting your engi ne ...

Well

it d epe nds on his mu:; s .

Ag aLn you said it ' s mas .

If it

were magnes.i.um bonds or ~ometbing , then .............. .

I think we ' re asking ..... .
Y(::ah , well

.r know what

we ' re tu k.in g il;o ut -- we ' re talking about

l,u ild Lng a i;pa e s \..a.t on .
h \.. \..h i<.: isn ' t

I ' m as rinx.Lous to do th a t us Lhe next guy ,

qui Le wha\.. we looked into .

I

H.p-pr e c iaLc y ou r quest i on ;

we ce r t ainly have Lo fact up to lL. ...... .
On- sta.bilizat · on , uh , su pose you were t rying to take of

( both pic ­

\..ur es ) on Gemini , compared to Me r cury ....•
Wou1 · i t take you what?
"uppo c, e you Lry to Lake one photo -pic\..ure of t he star , say thr ee stars ,
uh , w at do you th i.nk y our s nsi.t i vity i n terms of an,,;ular accur acy

wou d be for

··a.v , L n s •c0nds or I.hr ~e secondr; focus,

ngular - wise

l,uL (wh o ) Luo k pic;l,tir - :~ n 1.' t.h _ ho j:;,on n.nd ... . .. change s ··our degrees
1,t: r

:;(acond .

Ol1 , c ,1er. 1.l1n.L ......
W, ·11 ,

l.u

UH~

iL ' :: 1i vr; r-y ::pc(: i:d qu c:::t. i u 1 vn p:c nerul i:c.ntion , you know,

_y ou ' r· , muv i rt/.~ ar·o und , l1u-w

un

U111

d ,Y• ~ll 1,a I I lh)n'?

vc l1i<'J · ,

Ycu.h , yo 11' d

liu.ve

c· 1J.1\

y ou ,

c:u.i 1

you C-ut!rl\..erac

1·or 1n::Lanc' , Ll1e Ccrn.i.ni ca11:;ule

Lo , i 1· y ,H 1 W'a nt

\..1)

t:onrpa1·e i

the motion

.... to t ake stabilizer •••

with Mercuey s 1.bilizer,

Belt 14

7

you have to Go back and get moment of impulse of the control system,
then apply it to the moment of inertia of the spacecraft, and then
do the same with the Gemini ....
No , in this case he ' d be moving a camer a .
Pardon?
Move Lhe camera to control the angle .
Do you jnst hold it?
You hold it, yeah .

We could take them as well as you could in Mer­

cury, 1:i.ccording to how stable Lhey tie it .
lt/ s quite pos:.;ible that you couJ.d stabili ze the spacecraft better

than you could stabilize Lhe . . . . .
Yeah , can you get that in the spacecraft . . ... . Thank you .
Uh- huh .

I would (use ) the spacecraft to stabilize it ... to hold it out the
window, kinda hold i t out the wondow, you have to, you don ' t have
lo move the stabilizer .
The spacecraft is moving, that means that you 've gotta , you have to
move your hand al the , an opposite rate, or the opposite direction,
L.lie

w.1.nl

:rn.me t·at.e thal the ::.;pucecrafl 1::.; moving , I don ' t think that you·
t.,,i do Lfltd, ,

l>CCt.t.USC

yrnl ' ve 1;;0L U stab i liY.er thing in your

111-.1.nd lioldl n1.( it,, what, you \vould p rubauly do is brace your hand up
f.t.ga:i.n:; L U1e s.i.de of the ::.;pE1.c:ecraft lin<i take the p i ctur e , then you' re
going to get . . . . . .. .

Yeah, you sec we've got a site on the spacecraft ( bl astoff ) that has
a rud.ical Uw.t you ' :re go.i.nµ; to light i 'or night so with the minimum
im._p11J:;e Lim!.

we have in Lhe spacec:rart , we could fix it on a star ,

8

Belt 14
and g ~L a i' ixcd u.tLHude sLabili zecJ i n Lh is mo.nner .

It would p r o ­

bably be r athe r ... .. (uns table? )
ome of our section

• have the fe eling it would be very stable .
:;iting

ov er the re

:3 l ting ,

where I wus ke eri • ng u. ce rtain fi xed t wo star s on a

l1J(:a Li.o
111;

par t icularly whe n we were wor k ing on the Apoll o

on m.v w!rulnw

tHcJ11 ' t, t11.1vc; Lhe

c11<.1 i

:J.nd .Ji m ;J u 0t. clo.i.np; i

"v<·i · t h<'t'

ertai n

with pul es •••••

·:.il orI • •••

Ile h u<l the ra i ca) o n .

On

y e ah .

. ..... .. ... . . You we re well wi th in :i degree t aking a fe w minutes
of oxyg en .
Yo

You can hold it wl thln u d - g ree or a quarter of a degree .

can g e t the e xact answer to th.i.s if you just analytically ••••

Do you have the data?
N0 , I can ' t, qt1ot

IL ' s not i n the orde r of h un -

.i. L to y ou of'f - han

c.:0m.J..
My

0vc

we wou.J.

a.Ll

j mpr ,s ::;iun wn.:;

t.ha.L w

W(; l.' <..:

mor e :_; t.,.1.lJle thaL I thought

b • when we: warJt cd to stab.i I .i. zc .

. _ . . Wt: ' ve luoked

flt

our agenda here,

u.nd it I s got some ge neral quest ions

i.n the end , ~et, l:l. good si..u.b"ili:.::ation ::;tudy go i.ne; ••••
'l'hu.t ' :; i'in e

1-1ere Lher

I ' ve r~o L a question .
.:, ,c; "if

wt ~

,.my more qu estions on the terrain photography?
Can u fr.:llow, y u \mow

~ot any Lc rr .l.i.ri 0 11

/\JL<

1lfl.L• i ·rn)un ,

he movies a n

Llt·re '{

rnaLLc·r· 01 · f:.t.l · L, T c oL til e

a .; y •;; l.<~ r ua.v

look a:L

i.mpres s io ti

Llw.l. Ll 1t •re ' ;, qui ·e

n.l :.:n snm • u I' I.lit• )'J - 111 i) J i lllL L<.: I'.' I' i Im::; .

J'rom w,1::t.· y ou

a hj L of t

r a in .

howe

9

J:<: It J.4

ol' tlic j'.)- nti JlimeLc r'?
Uh , yeah ,

I think, blocked , becaus e we have to be over the

ost of them are

water, but, if I ' m not m· staken , on the lit tle bit

I just caught a

J o ok, i,here migt1 t, be some land bnnd ~ .

Oh , y e:; ,

.,

you r; t Lhree or four

muL Le c of tad,

,J.

uh , t hey ' re

Loward l,he end of that box of 55 - mill · mete r s.l i.de s .

:; Lr

c1.11r<c:s

probu'uly, tt1ey w !:tCn ' t L:.Lk.1..m outs ide

/\i:;iu :.:omewhe r

buL they were reaJ.ly n .i<.:e .

l,c blown up

cJ.lso the mov le s .

We

a lot of movies of the clouds .

id

~r~ di

uk

Ii, s hows spe c ular

they we re over

Those definitely should

just, a couple of t imes , just turn the thing on .

e;o · ng to tak

movies a r o n

1-run ed - to get, a

We were n ' t

us of Lhings that we re st ill , and

ig s Lrue; Lure of' L 1e . • • • • • area

so I took some over

Ll1e }!ac lfir. , on i,hc - up over the northern Pacific between Hawaii
m

the UniL d ''L:\.te..: , abou L 5 , '4, o

'.> minute8 .

We took a lot of ocelill movie · .•••
Was there ever any qt.1e ::;Lion in your mind as to wh ether or not you

we r e look ing nt elouds , did you always ge t •••••
I )ityl :i (J;tl L.

IJn_vl i gtiL o.ntl rdgltLLi..mc .
tl:iy.l i.gl1L ,

I.here .is 11ev ·r :w,y dotd.> L .

/\L ni1~l1L l,imc; il. i :J .k ' rnl 1,1." l1ani t.,l ~;,:' the t~r,iund .
u 11,

q1w:.;l. i.,,J1 r .r u1,1 t.lw pi <:L1 1n•:;, .i.t. djd noL U.FJlcH •

!111L w<· r c _yu11 uik Lo t,e con:.:l· i.ou::
_you.i:· , e~c r t.:;

or

\> I"

ti11zc or

even ovcr pol..l u ,iort arco.s

W< •re you. con:;civus

o be! Loo g r ound

u$t l aye

or 1,; j

, say over

ie s and so f o rth .

01 · r: •c inp; Ll1e i1 1du:;tr-i.al pullution

or the dust?

..

Belt 14
Ove r

10

or t h Arica a couple of times we comme nted on dust storms,

although they weren ' t r eally dust storms ?
We weren 't s re that was a dust storm, right .

Remember I sai d that

is a ........ , and then we said well maybe not .
It wasn ' t

<lust storm us you woul<l see it from an air pl ane whe re you

a

·cc the

wind

I.Je

ed

et: i.

J.ow· ng on or prior to the <leseri. .
i. t,

wasn ' t

.u s t storm, j u:,;i a dusty haze .

u.

Ovt.:r N r th /\1'ri a .
Ovt;; .t Nnr h Af"ri cu .
lin..:;e

Indi u. Lt1<::re wu::; quite a pronounced

Over no1·th

r edor ed .

l wo ld wa y y ou we r e , far le s s con:;c j_uu::; of i t..

In fa ct , a r ather

interesting thing , it ' s - on one of our fi rs t pus ses over the Cape
I was looking on talking to the Cape at that time , I told t 1em

I could look own and see the Cape, launch pads
quite clear .
till.

But in fact

the weathe r

and everyth ing was

own th re was not clear at

Some of the i 'ell ows wer e leav.ing at t hat..

Lime

lk>uston , k ml t,he vi.::;l bility was ver,y, very lo1v .
p r• s0rn, ;Lhin1-:

1t11d

j _l.

wu.; aLJ qu · t;

w:t :.;

<•La Li

cliur ge on

,,n
t11

-

f!.:l.(i you -

ort of a

chanc:

Lhe hangove r at all .

jll

you

W, • -

1 d.irl.n ' L u i I.her .

weather on the

ot.rnerva.tion if you made

•tJ •

had

11<, •• .

We wa ..

:1.

lot

the r e

get any stati~ that you might

N , J rlon ' t Lhink I did .
N(l

tho:

when he saw ligh ~ening di~ ­

!,ave co rre lu.L ,a wiLh b .i ng near di:;Lurbc
'l'fli. s i:..;

see

Gor 011 C oper m,te

hj:~ :radio l.he s11me Ljrnc

g r ound .

You c ould se e a mile

•••• •

W,· c;u11.l< l :;L, ::Lr-ai.gl1L d< wn l1til. we r-,1 1iJdn ' t
J\1101.h ·r- qut:::l,iu 1, di.d y 1lu eve r

to g o back to

i1 1 i.ghten-· ng .

it .

gr ound .

,,l .,

.
J!cll. l '

No , I wou.LrJ.ri ' t

th1:;. t I d u

:.:,1~y

.

.

• I ~uc s s y ou would call i t but y ou c ouldn ' t . . . it did n "t
. t a ny r ate .
Did y ou notice t h e
'rhe r

. . with t he fla sh i f 1 •p_; htni ng . . . .

wuc nn a wf1Jl lot of light ninc;

f;urc w.1s , . ,outh fl!n ri r~ •'l.ncl .
/\.ny more covcrag . on t l 1c wa.t(:

p 1oto1--~r·u.phy 'l

on atmosp }1crlc- ph ,nomenu . . . Did you

Y<';;

t h m i.n" t rwneni..r.1.lly'

l,a ve Lj me to study

into vj ew until they pass out of v:i c w·t

eel us t hou gh you would

I mean f rom the t i me that they come
Did y ou g o t hrough the e xercise

with the i nstrument - l et ' s say a hand- held spec trome ter or . . . .
Di

I phra se the question'!

I think so .

. . . . . but I ' m not s ure of t he

d ration thc:1.t your s tudic" r-equi r e .

Tho.t ' s m._y probl m - I wu
!:bat

y ou hncl nome t;l1j ne; ln

t r ying to p;ct some re 1 as to the d uration
'i{-~h t .

. wl1l: n ~ y ou ' d f ly a l ong in r egard
l.<, wlluL th

w

Ll1t t ·

wa:-: :tncl you ' d

:;1t y

0 . K. , :LI.

'..>

minute s a ter e leven

I ' 111 F~orna cl, i 11 i.;p ct romc tc.r- r; tud,y 1Ln<t Lhen y ou ' d set the thing
Ht'..; minut •i; ur1;,r· 1 1

.vou w uJtl ... l,:1.rt jt o r

W< >u.lcJ :;:1.y

i t s omc thi11" where you

. that ' s been rep o t ed to

·1,,, ;~> rnil., 11or·i..l 1 or· Trj _
p :iol i l./1 in{-'.:: ur· • .

jg

p and

.

.

.

.

I ' m 1~oinr; to st-.tuty . . . . which o f t hese

Be:lt 1 5

I ri lookln(.~ :·(, r ,,1 ,,J(• 1· UJ

2

Lh<; v. r oimrl 1,.nd t hinr.i;,; like 1,h1;1.t you ju ct don ' t

(Jrj

l'jnd Lh ·rn '..,,00 rn .l.lcr: iri fronL o

yo u .

1/ow a out comething in the sense or a targe t, of opp o rtunity '?

You see i t

with out ad v n ea warni ng .
I woul

think y Oli ' cl hav • or, Lhc ordc.:r o

,. tudy i t i C you have y ou

a minute or 80 seconds maybe to

( cq11ip mcnt ) al: eady mi ea ged. i f you want ed to

I ook at i t y ou ' v' got to a im the SJ)/l('r:r: r af't
A ·min£~ the :;pnc c.r.:Lf't
j

~!t-.

it

y ou can truck ,·tght on

I!

as i t,

s ay .

s not ,lj l'I :ic ult .

If' you've got a field to do

point..

a t h unclcrs torrn,

your lef t, you could mn.neuvcr th

II' y ou

~Hy

say, off to

cp acec raft u r ound t here and just ke ep

pointing at i t as i t we n t by.
About h ow many mi.lcs would 60 secons - 8 0 s ec onds
We] 1 of cou sc 2~ 0 down .

•

••

II-.J
' o cl own -

'l'hat ' ... about 80 ::;cc·onds .
'r h:it ' s 80 secont1""

rou• hly .

'J. hfJ. t ' .

the (norm1tl) 11J l;.it1 1t ('

·1 ' vc

right .

f~oL

Fu

n w-l1ult · :; c•t ol' claLa ii' _yu 11 w:t1 1l. i t l'or va ious a l t i tudes on just

Yo 1 ' v • r;rovjtJ.cd t ·rniug h/Incl J thin}. ,vo-u t·a11 prol,n.li)_y :· c: , :i t. 1· nm1 the ;;01... down b l ow the horiz o n

T Lrij nk y o 1, <·an 1'. t a n •;i.J. i'.u~xl I' ·< ·J •i 111'. l 'or :i L l
:; 1>mc

ol' t lc• Lruc·klng

yot I

take a look at

:i.lin on whlch we _ ooked l'or an object on the g round ,

Belt 15
f'ound the ub j ec·1., 1.1.nd th en tr:--i.eked it all the way .
g

t that film 1'J.ml put the pi e ces i

3

And as soon a s they

to make it - it's a sequence came ra

it ' s not a real movie ca mera - as soon as they put the pieces in and insert the extra frames so i t is in :-uh a movie came r a
,i

real i

q 11 i r um~nt

• 11. of .xu.ctly how lone; y o1;
y ou lt:1,vc·

'LS

n.r:

r-1,.1·

•·•tn L1·]l c·x:11.c·L.I .Y wl 1c trH'r y o u
'l.'l 1r•ri yo1

<·Hr1 1J.]:io

110 :i nr-'.
<'1rn

1

·nn see .

I think you ca n get

So if you know how much re -

,1 /(lltr inst umc' n ation ts concerned, you

c11 ·

wl11J.L kind 0 1· meo.01tr-cm nt:::i

l t oui,,

l;l1c o n •'l;jc·n.ll..Y l.'i/,; 1ir·e

'l1}1

big problem t::; to id .n·t;i f·,y thC' ol>jc r· t

::;p

c: fi

you c:nn make .

Loo .
. If you ' t'e looking for a

object, a. <:erLn.in t hund.e r:;torm or the northeast corner of the

Red Sea or something , that means that you don ' t - you're not going to be
a ble to pi ek it up ci.nd aim the s pc1.c:e<:raft at i t 30
You.

~

g oinc to ha ve to wa i t awhile .
out ' til lat •r

IJj,ckc

0

. o urse

l1clo1,r you
1.11:it J1'.;

i L 'll

h

0

below the h orizon.

You ' r e p obably not g o ing to get it

so that your tirn

you k now th

0

on tl1e target is s oing to be le ss .

angc is cltan1~ing very rapidly.

- -::.ay it ' <> rt f-: ht

1

·low your tra .k .

When y o ,,

~·

.i I. , ,. 1-'.<J i n1'. t;n lir. r J1 11-~ f] y ;,oo mile s r,.wn..,y nnd L
~'()()

,n:! .I( •: ; ,' l. v/1L,V •

irrt see

0

t of

you paes over

:;o tliul:, LI"' r,uige :i :; <:s se n t :i :..lly doubllng .

.v11u 1 n·

:irit,·n:~;b·d

r;mgt ·

I don ' t 1rnow exucL_y lt w y o1i ' d d.o that .

i 11

'I'hat thing i

··01 m- tll!n1.'. that. n·qLtire::; 1.m _ythinG like a

If

onstant

T'lis i s a problem that you­

J>r .

J,r·t rn • t y to 1·c.•-phras

tl1;,,l; qnc st:Lun .

.

. . althOU{'.l l I think it wa s
. yo

we c tracking

T LI i11k. my 11.nr; wl ·1 · Lo .iL wu:; ;1 y 's , lluL le t me t·ep hrase the que stion a out

!,

Llie se tar gc L:;

Let ' ~- take t he airg low fo r

opportur1 i ty.

1)1'

moment here .

There ' s the night air glow, t he twilight glow and the day glow.
the r e a r e no . . . . . . of day glow.

Now

That would t ake (pe rhaps a) second

exposure , a nd you know where to look the nex t time around , and ( you can do
Lr,at forever . )
'.!.'Ile Lw-Lli gllt td r1-~low m.i.f~I i t t n.kc 10 seconds to 1-~c t

.

.

/\n<l Li c rd e:h t, id r·r(Low y ou w-01.LL(l w11,n "L rnaybe l1 minutes .

:il,out i f tliat w-·r:c prop:r1.!Jl1Jn ·<l in w-i ti, prope
Ii •ld.

r on tl e capsul e .

~r the 1.lay p;lm-1 , a J 0- s econd expo sur • o

c :x.'})O"ttre
:L

:,pc t ographs'?

reel about i t '

Ilow (io y ou

4-m-i.nut

exposure o

Either hand.­

Ta ki ng a one-second

the t wil ieht gl ow, and

mov ing a.ll the time , but

You ' r

i,h ' n •g l t e;low.

Now ho\./ do you feel

the p l,- nomena ..u ·c .P ctt.Y mur:h the ~;n.mc duri ng that p eriod .
One f,e ond 'r; no problem f o r ut; .

l•'ou r· mjnuter; , you m:i. f~ht hav e to be a littl8

l>lurry.

I t hi..nk y ou c:oultl probu.hly , ·i f' yo u tr·ied e n ou13l1

y ou could p robably get a

1 0- s e ,;ond .
}'our minul, s-

Wcll o[' c ou -~;c

amount of 1110l~ion
'( uu ' (l p; . t

r,p r· tnc.rapl 1 1·a11

tti c:

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

t he t i me to p ermit a fair

L o.

~.umc LI I i n1-: Ofl Ll le-

1.111: :: p (.'cl;o1,'.1 ·a

l 1 ,·u1Lld :;L•1.y- i. 11 01 ·bi L,

::< , ::l u,r·Ll y 1d ' L1·1 · 1.111.ct,
:; L: di i I j ·1.1l 1..i rn w-:c:,

it

l.l 1c <' >CJ)Cr i 1111·11I,

prnllJ. · in ,

too .

Llit) pc1·:; n11 would have t o gu ba k in.
\v:is t ,·icll in u

W" i Ll1 tim i n1~ a · ter

,,xpo:; H c one tl:i.<l 1-:c t tlie ··:rx:1 ·Lo,•_: :1.pl1 b co.us
1n i, i1.i. s

.

(lj r·c d~iori

I w-u 11.l tll1 ' L Lh h1k

oc ket and the ro ket
our minutes , the

the thing was able t o poi nt

vcn tr1m11-~.h iL di <l 1-nl)ble u. littl~ bit .
y oi1 1 <i

W":t11L

l.()

l1anil - ll)J 1l

n. '1- 111:i.nute one , I' l l

t ell you

5

Belt 15
t.J1atNo , no .

You ' d h ave to be spacecraft-modern.

You could get the rates down low

nd you could-

0 . K. You <·u llld c rta:i nJy holcl it wHh in a lib.lf a tlcgree .

:But

You ' d h~v · t10.lf- clc1;;rcc: ton~s w'L t.;r1j n L11c s pa, ·r ,·ro:ft •

now your half-degree-

( I think that

w )1u<l do J L) .
•ell t ' ~, all r.igl,t .

You can build :i 11

<:c:r.ta i n a.mount

i

o

smear ( so you can

,~ t. u. very good c'lny) .

Le t. m

Wnit :1 sec on

you an Lf 1 ·r thi n/~ -

ftsk

you ' r, . lookine; 1::1.t now.

What is the ai r g low that

llow 1,dll you l o ok o.t tlii s't

Whe e !:I.bo uts is it

(;\Oine; to be'?

Well, i t will

c at the hori:.wn, or u. tl egre e or. two above it .

I know, b ut you sec , y ou 'r
rlonw - b y very r,:i.st .

looking

rhc airglow is essentially -

0

(l:i ff cr-cnt 1)·

·c of the 1.tire:low -

:t 1·c

l:.t

yuu

Hi-il'I/-.',;

1· y(.iu

;~\l l1 11'. L;o Lr ·y rtn I :Look

r,I ' 1,. -11·1;,;low 1J.nd
'l ' l11 lL ' ::

.'1

l.r-11., · I•

1Lnrl.

01 !l:

L11

horjz on at a certain spot .

try to pick up a pie e

• •••

I

W\ ltLld

: i:1.y

one would 1ie v ry

a't.isfied to

Ha Ha Ha .

also t.:ry tl1<~ o tl 1cr exp r·imcnt .

I clidn ' t Jt'l( 'lln t:.l1;tt I <1:i rln ' L tl, · nk or your expc iment, Dr .
I

djdn ' t

i':1.1 ·L uJ'
I'"

tnt : ; 1n

tl1 (•

Now

•·c c a c·OJ1t:.inualJ.y c·hanginu; airg low or a re you

u.i; n •i p;ht :i11 viewpoinL and

V<·r ·y l:-'.o nd q1wcU011 .

01 10 0llou..l I

110 1~

if you' re looking a t a

J1okl,cltind y ou :u,<..l Jook a t continually cha nging airglow

i n 1r 01 it·.

(,1 · ]\l<>k

t - the hori zon beh ind you i s gone

Lo <·omplu :in .

1'.11.r11• · ·

,,

I''

I

r,

trying tu Ln1c:k 1:1. ,; •rtai n spot in the airglow because

, •:csj_ l_y done tha.r

that mea ns that if your flight pat

i s thi s way, y ou ' ve g ot to aim the

spacec raft over he re and t hen you ' ve got to trac k it a long like this .
I t would seem to me that it ' a easier to just put i t s ome plac e and h old
it thee .

MM-hmm.
And cspeci n.lly f rom t be :pi l ot ' s s tandpoi nt when you ' ve got a guns ite or
r·omething like it .

mn i nto:Ln that apace cra ft es s entially wi ngs

.leve l with . . . and ii' th

pitc:b Hti.,itude ' s paper, you don 't have to

wnrry u O\Jt t he t;rnnslntj_on FLc · rosG the . . .

'l'li.i. c j ., a q_u.csl.jon on hoth '.> ,rnrl 6.

Tn terms o f" p re- warned subjects , like
thiu ~ort of th 'ng .

pr ·e -wurn cl au.b Jc<:1.,r; .

'l'o your e ye

liow 1:ar 1,clow the !10 i zon could you

.eel you could pic..:k up say 11 we a tli . r phenomenon .
Lh rough the atmosphere at somcthi gin the
1

:ould see c.ay 10

there .

0

be l ow tb

/\ lot of

horiz on '!

Now you ' re not l ooking

tmosp here .

Do y ou fe el you

Can y ou (:ome up with some e s timate

I f you ' r e pointed head csscn t ·in.lly try the plane towards it so

i t ' s ln y 01Jr winc low.
WouJtln ' t

ttri:_; dt ·pc r1d. 11pon wl1nt; t <-· J..l lic'ril)IDen n wu.s-

•·uvv r·<· cl

' ,00

111i

! COO m il :':

L r; I>r1 1;1,..

Tl' .it. we're·
:ro1i ' r '

11.

ll

.li11< ·

:;i( <'

-

llfl

t;Jw ::i dv

lii., •~; make i t more

I ' d ll0 ab!,· I. , ., c tl1:.tL at 10(_ below the horizon .

or Lll1wd1·r ·:;L 1·in: ; , .I t. lllnk p r· llably 20 or 30° .

If

lolil<.int: 1'01 · ~om<· 01 · the trdnr~:; Lh::tt we Wl c looking for at 30°

Uclt 15
l 1c.low (Jw l1(11·i·:,(Jr1,

.1< :r·L r: .

W'J1, , n

7

I l,f1rn111,ld, 1.h,,.I. 1,,,,_:: 'L p;ool p.1:,.r·i: Ln J1;ok f'e>r :an1dl ob-

w, · :llL.'J :'.Hwd.1 CJl,,)cr · Lo>

Lures near them; mayb

h1.rge identifying fea,...

tt1c:y hav e: Lu ttav

if we ' re going to start l ooking f or something like

the
. . . . . . . . . . . . ( could be a c loud )
-th

Hcd fie ,

. 30° Jclow the ho iz on> I think you could proba.bly

r3Lart; piclclne; j t

1.tp .

'fld.s is below tl1e: a pparent h o r i zon .

This is below

Lhc lor:al l1orizontul.
H•ig} L.

l\r:, to w-11t .r and land yrni cny
abouL the same ,

01·

A little furth

r up .

ii,

mn_y lie ?O t o '50° .

As

or . l ouds , perhap s

mayl>c furU-, r up ·t

Furth r up .
To tell the di -rrercnce b. tw
ol'r tk1t y u can ' t
a st rm

te l l

jf

n a "'torm a nd jw:: t a s heaf that ' s so far
i ' s just, u ::,heaf or c.: louds or is it

nthcrin , .

You r·P.c ac you f~ t farth r out th

re . o0 bel w t he ho izon

l.ooki r11-'. J: i kc• tl1n.l, y ou ti.on ' L know Ll1c d.i r-rcrc111 ·<' (•o ver:: 100 ' :: 01 · mjlc" , co if.' you ,-~r·L rl1;ht

:: :id<' cinJ y (' )VC r:i 1.t c·oupl
.on

:1

onestly

_y ou'1 ·( •

rrd .I.es .

wi1

. . when you ' re

One degree cithe

s1de

below you one degree either

: : . •i. f' you r,ct too l' los

to t e hori-

•nJJ.y not; c· n tninr~ itny p i nt o tL t here . -

'L'loe puLnt !:; ,

:i r I r;ci.. 11v l'or say

I.hat 1x: a

p la< :c: to /.;j V

/'.OOCl

J think 20() wo11. Lu lle

( (•;t::;i(.;) ",

J l;hink ';20() w u.l<l Ii

ea~:ict ·.

5ct 01: 2 0

r.t man 11

y s. )

v1

hclow the' horizon, would

lue on to set up ·?

'(,11;

:pirJL

·1 u1 ' L dilT<:rr:11L.ird, ;

iri wh1,.t :1rnt ' re l1 )u v.·i.nf.J; aL.

Wcl.l you c., -(; we ' r~ plH.yJ ng 1:1. csamc he re be tween giving you enough time to
cet on it so you ' re on it when you get the r e and at t he same time not
so far t hat it ' s wastine time.
Really to me you ' re not wasting t ime at al l when you tell me whe re to
start even

f y ou start me way out .

ro tell you the truth, I wa nt to

1

start looking as soon as I O. K.

1 '1

l,ell you 1111 this though , jf you ' r - just eoi ng t o give one time-

No .

'rhat ' r,

\.J11il'l1

no good. .

time woul,

y·ou like , row?

t hem multjple tlmes, you know, start early and

I f you. ' rc 1.i;oing to give

just ,:ontinu.
suy

.

I was talkin g-

out , but if you. ' re

cj 1w t

~oi ng to give one time, then I ' d

0

30 .

30° .
Or 20° maybe , but no closer to th

That ' s about 45 half the horizontal, or some-

From the earth ' s horizon .

I t ' ::; ,{bout'.> . . . . .

.

horizon.

.

•

•

• ?O .

No .
.

N<, 1; .i r·

. .....

iL :..;ur< · i ,;n 't.

'(uu ' v,· 1-'.0L t;u 1•:1' t

throw ul.l

t i me .

.Y<)lU'

it

-

. . . . . .. .. .
M(ln· ,Lboul. a minute and A. half .

nt: 1.11 on

it.

.at··1.v , ,11 ough L.,,

he goe s .

Then

l111ve the same kind not to

w'l:jgl1t, l ' j ,J,li~ pi(' k ·i 11g .-u·ound mKL wait for

it

o

a

long

...

'J
. . . your re ul key , t ho ut~h 1 s t rio
it ' s pretty harr to find i t .

ir t

titr~ you look a t i t

As soon as you' ve gone b y it once , maybe

mi ssed it once, the n ext time you c ome throu gh , y ou can give it up there
at 10° if you wa nt .

You know exactly what y ou 're looking f o r and you

know what ' r: com · ng before and y ou v.o right up to it and get a
Cn.u.,,

you' r-c s Ly1n ~ nbout 30 to do t t1at or lt-'.; d own . r om the horiz on for

t rr-1.i.:J n ancl pcrhr:1.ps a l.i ttl

0

J.'u.rU t _ r up f or wc t1. ther . . . . . 10

further

up i'or· w - 1.1.Lher on a f:I rsl:;- on u. dw.nc:c basis t uri;;et of oppo tunity .
I just wanted Lo 1-1.sk you thu t in your - part II of t h is - u nder the great
and unde r the terr:Lal - what is t l1e r;;round altitude that you took 4
shots with the pitch down - I don't know if both of y ou were up or not .
You pitched down and y ou fired a thru ster as a preliminary to t he experiment on t h · red:i ncal lir;ht to see how much t he thruster flame would and
c ould int r-fe:rc wi t

t h e t:Lrget .

I was jus t wondering what you actually

obs rved on t h e:
/\ny brigh t·,n ss of

t he thruster and. e o -f."orth and if 1 t c: ou.ld have any

err •r· t on l;h' l.Ul'.'f:'. ·t.

I )nv c n I t f rn,u 1d. l'i photog r a p h Y .t .

W-c.Ll on c Jmc t h:L1lg 11k · , you ' d b •I, Le l " n~nlly 1-~c l: ov er there and l ook for
t hem be cause th ·y ' re ,.~o:iN< to tll.rll 011.t bal ck

nd y our polaroid probably

l s n ' t e:;oinr'. ·to pr-j_nt them.

'l 'lJC ,V ' r-e

i n the ;l;-.1 e k-1w d-w}r i t . niJ .l , arcn ' t

. . . . d.u eumc nL ouL

( ) JI

t h e tap e .

LJ1 ·_y?

.Lldt l'.;
'!' hr..: <l u curn(:11L
l,rie

ti.pc .

0 1JL

,,n U,c l:;upt: 11. rad ·1

lG

1,1,Jnlr. th1;i.L'r: :pror,: r,Jy the part wher1c:

.

I believe lt ' s in the book t ere , 'Eirn.
Do y ou re(;all how they came out?
Oh , no . No . It ' s in the

Sf.l.lll

snw mn.ybe once or twice .

You could see . . . . . . light or .

ball park, but the diagonal light that we

You looked l ike y ou saw it on e , and

You did nee it once .
Well , we t~10u.gnt we djd i 'rorn what w ' tl been briefed up to . . . .
Did you dra w a pic:tur - of i t yest·r.d,iy't
Yeah .

I could comment .

W talke

and I know Gue arcl John
lo

q_ui t

a h .i t about this afte

t h e GT- 3 f light

oth hacl q 1ti t ci a bit t o say abou t i t if you want

he ck t he not•s on i t .

You mean on theOn the bright

Lh r.u sters , yeah .

Wa it a s cond .

I t h ink tr1ey may l 1a.vc been talki ng a lot about the re- entry

r;ontrol syst m.
No . No .

No.

Do y ou l<now w:tw.t c·n uscd you to s .e :i L'?
,-raft or wa::; it an uu.ra

Was .it

f f~low s rn whc r

efle ted o f the space-

around­

/\ glow rrom bch:lnc.L.
You ' re ju:·L ::; . , •jrp; ·that .. ,· Li on o r· tl,c glow tlio.t comes your way.
Nuw -

Lo l.11<:

I:..;

j

L pr:Lmary or ::ec rnlu r-y ,'~ll)w.

. j 1'.i1L,

ni · ym1 t;hink

1·<:1'l(~c l;.i on ··

J clo n ' t; thi nil.. you <·ou.l.(l tc 1.1.

Was

jt

parti 1 s themselves

off t he )articles t hat were round?

I t w-11.~.; ' ;o dim, you

ouldn ' t tell .

Belt 16
I

on ' L trd nk y ou

You d i sc sBe
Yes vlff: did
I

w o1il rJ

e: 0 1 1

hel p - -

yesterday p ar tic les of space junk?
do you hav

any part ic1dar q estion?

like Lo h11.ve the in r·orm.1V on ·1ute r

thougr1 .

We .. wltat w:i., yo11r- quei_;Lion '?
l

was ,ittsi..

c11r •i() 11s

f.tllo11L L11c mn.ounL of' j

nk you had al,out

he space ­

,·rai'L .

Ji'r-om t.l H:: spucccruf:t?
Wcl.J., 1·r om Lhe:: .;pa.cecraJ'L uud also I.he amount :Ln the spacecraft?
J•'rom Lh e spac en.a.ft:. .

I am rtL) t tal king about any .strange par Licles t hat appeared .....
/\nd 11.J :,o , when _you w r • cmtsj clc Lhr~ Sp:J.c:ecra fl., whether you coul
J,_ ,;c:p :.1.ny ec~umc;tr-y ol'

F;.11_y

,j unk off

l.1 1,~

sp:;1.cecra ·t.?

Par ticu)ar

the

:,;pactTc1:J.ft ,,nc; l c uf vj ·w .
I didu ' L
Y <>1 1

diiln ' L :pc

;.i.11.y

pu.1·1.i,·Ic,s -

.-;1•c

any -

-

-

::, ,.l.r· l Ii l. c!,; , >r· p1,r·l.i,:lc•:; l ' lullLir11-~ 1u ·., 11i1d .
I

::,,i,w

11.

w1~:~

1.11 • 11: lnv e 1-'.lo:i L ol'J' .

a ,1c f' i rij I.<: .

1111 1. ii. w,•.:~ 110 1. .smitlJ
Tl 1( : n : w,:rC' a I I

psr- 1. i cl(; :.; t'l o1Li .i1tG off 'l. 11c :.,pac ec,a t?

k i rid:, .

J11 il , .Y <> 11 li ~LV<~ 11,) /'.!~O111cLr i ca.l

I.! It.;

:.; p: I.C C (;

pi. c.: t1u· ,

ol' LJ1ese w! 1e n yo

were out side

r:.1. 1' 1, .
Wl1en
II

1 ••

·, · : 1 I Iv

_yt, 1t d.1trr1p

the urine, you

lic •:1111. i 1·u 1 .

:,; n0w fl akes

2
ul 1 ~,vc.:r .

;,i_i 11 i.om: 01' U em .

whicr. way t.iey are going but

And Lt, doesn ' t make any difference
ou can see them come off by the wi ndow

and they look like they are go ing off spheri cally , fr om what you can
see .
n·

ow maybe they a e n ot goin g out the back, but
you see them al any othe r t ime?

:.:een L!tem , ice e:ryst,als

I doubt that .

Glenn mentioned that h e had

,h .Y wercn ' L a s so ci ated with such si tua-

1.·onc r:1.c t1i.3 Y01

see a r·ryst..:d or Lwo go tJy _vcr-.y once in a wh'le .

You k11ow,

Lb i.JJk Lll:..1.L Lhe.se u :r c a:.::.:oe:iated wi t,ti systems in t he

sp1:1.c <·raft .
'l'llc

xltuus

Yes , we ' v

got, ,•~ water <.;ooler 1..1.nd I.lie wa te r

:Jc parator

and the suit

v1i.poro.tor , and t, er e ar e thi ng s

loup lllt.mps i.ri 1..ltt. water anu Lh
going ove r bourd .
.[ think th1:1.L i t might
r;raf1 , .

)e

pret Ly obvious that L 1ey ' re f rom the space -

'l'hcy a r e going a way genera Lly .

.L th'ir1k a point Lhat JJm made, and [ !,hink I ' v

made i t clear , but

nay be not , U1aL Lh 'Y wcr • ac 1,11u. ly goi n.g smaJ l

end forward , actually ,

t lie l'ir · t.

quite a

I ik<: Lil<' :;l,re:trnl illcs wcr' t'.ninis back, arn you

11)0],,•it

i :; I.IH· v/lJ,.Y

l.i1:tl.

::<:v .... 1·11.I
I i11 •

::n

l. imc W<' w"rC 1:~)illg f'r-onl, r~nd forwar

:1.11tl

I

i I, ~,1t1-'.l1 t.

L<l 1-\u ,

L11,•t'(' is a l i l .I

l.irri,·'.: v-1• · 11:<il. 1tr'<>111HL l.ll t.t1)i111-'. :.:inn!. . end

I.I,•·

k.1,,iv-1

Li 1,1, 1, , pu.r· l. icl •::

wt:

1,hu,t, U1is i:, a l,IH.:u r·,y

<'r10111~lt )HJ.rt. i (' l L::; ev 'n

b'

t'orw re

· t , and i t
hought
01'

flow .

well
Rut

:1.nd the stre am­

l' !'.l>ing eqtu.dly as W<.:11 ti is way .
l,11aL

:wnie p1..:up]' had Lhat there is

in ti. ver·y r •d11ccll !'low area to cau se a stream-

I inc: l,ut u.11p:ir,:11Lly not..
r:u r 1lw 1 Cu,1p,· r· ~::ii d

lie L11ou1-';lll. Ll1n.t lie could

tis

i t as a yaw r efer -

3

Be;lt 16
'l'hc: 11,.t.r·Lic: I c•;~ c omi.m~ 011 . Lhe back .
i'.1.tL 1.11 ·n we; :;aw U- 1 .L
_y1J.w

,~ co1lld ~,,,b soJ utC;ly coul ,.i not use i t a s a

.re;J'e r enc:c: .

'l'h1~ y w ·re go ing ::; tra i.gl it,
/\n,y way .vo 11 W<!n: g oi.ng ,

'o wurd .
l.hc:y were :d wny:. f lowiue with you , and i t

wu · tl 11. ·re wu c : l.wo nri nc d 11 mp sy:.; l.c; 1r1:; o n th · :;v at;ecr a1·t , on
111il.

LIH, r1 1;:l1L t,;i<e and unc.; durnped

11,1L

I.lie 1 1· 1, si. e .

dumped

Tht: one on

l.he r L/-~h l. ::; i.d c _yotJ c:ou I cl s e ouL l.!1c r Lt~ l1L w i.n uw and Lhey would
c vcnl.w..1.J J.y come on the lefL :::ide 11m l you c ou ·lcl .,ee t hem out both win-

_ows .

Pre dominantly on Lh

1 ft s i.de ,

right side .

LL wri.., predomh1a c on tile

'l'hey al vtay::; ri.pp -ar cd to l;e
·t u1t r; n, .Id

Look

0111.

Whe

eft

pl'1er i c;.1.l .

an d l,licy w r e

1~1, i n1'.

s t -r ai /:')1 L -

.,,,. t:;

L'ae;L , Lt 1c; pr-Ltjest. :;i1~1it.

f

1.11<· wh ole flight wo.s -

Ll1cr_:u - wi t.h L111: s1m :;l1 i 11ir t/!: o n :LJl the s e par t icle s .

re:J.J pn:L l.y .

/l1:.1.L w-r c: yoi1r

Ll,0111'.h L:.; l't.- /'.llr Jlll/~ 1,1 tr-l . i 1: ·11a L i 11c: in th'-'

1'. row1n - :::pucc:1·.r:tl' L •~>CJ>(;r•i.me:rtl
1,11 .

11 l' Lhis wuy .

l.l,js .r-i gl1L 1;. :;11ns ·I. uml _y 1 >1t vl<.lllld h;,1,vt• a pcr l'cctly black

:;ly 1-1i!.h 1J.II

I l.

you know you

v ~ry l1r i ll:\unL .

/\::. u 1riaLl,e t · of

yuu ' d J

dump d from the

s ide .

wuu J.u I ok u1 1L an<l Lhc_y wer . g0in v. :; t. r-1.1. Lght

'I 'll •y wer

yo

1~r,,und f'nnC" 11 cr<:ril, J,y

wl ; r< : :; 1ml .hing

w ll.l1 yoltr

-

dtJ i nt~

1: 1s to be

S (l11<.:

.h ing else

oor ina. ed
one

n

f r om .,he

:; I ,:;.c ·1'€ : r-:.1.l' l. .

I l.l1i11k _y,, 11 w1111i d lie :t!,!c Ln d o :; i1111l:ll1 i nc; l il, • Lhat .
l :t.Y i 1\/'. twl.

p:d .l.,· 1· 11 :;

,in

l.11<·

1'. r· u11nd

r·u r· visual .

'{,>1

1111• J.11

t ll1 ,

J, · L ' :.: :: :i._y ::,·:t l.i11 1' . " l11 11Ti, · 1i 11t ' d r· :.:,)1111.:Lhi11;~ ;.;uch ns that where

4

~E:lt 16
_yuu would vi.sually

you

We we re essentially

oing someth i ng like that on our fl ight - on our

WOl1l d

oLse r vc something clown below you .

f' ight plan , and we didn ' t follo w i t exac tly .

were gett i ng

We

informa,ion f r om the gr ound on when to do ce r tai n thi ngs .

We we r e

r,::s nt,i:J.ll.Y ,Juir1t_'.; i,h r.i.t.. .

w • r<; cuin i rig

'l'I 1(.;_y Lu I cJ u :; ~,h

11

l111r-rj<.:nnr-; n1.1.m(; ,

e~i v : a.<.:r; ll1 in l. ::; ul'

.L L wa~

1

W(;

)v, • r· C:nrJa ,

1t

U1r: ~Kten siv

h11 r-r i c an ' ,

L;]oud areas .

nfort..un Le at t..hut. 1.jJnc i.. huu1.~tJ • trie r e w re

c loud s i..ha L charuc te r i zed a t r opical s Lorm .

::::truct r e or c l ud mas s

a nd the

no c.:haracter i s t i c

'!'here was ju st a b ig

we took some pic t ures of i t .

They don ' t

ci ve you. t..h ' c i r c.:ulati.ori Lhu.t you would like to se e , but they
<.:n11 tell

yo 11 - tl1.i s is wtint we did on the g r o und t r ack ing too, t h e y

1,old u s wl,c ·c t..o Jook Lo p.ick

vi•; d id. 1,/-te :~ IJ.Tne

rJ,(;

()WTl

<·c r-l:1.1..i.n tar gcLs .

Lu.al) y .,,i th g . L t, i n1-(. Ln t.,

r-cq1 e~ 1,e <J p >Si tio11 v e.tSL!S

ours

itp

u l ittle

aJ.L • tude .

We <lid , we pi cked

t he a nomaly .

We llad to

We had

hange time and run

it .
we got orbit tracked up Lli re which we couldn ' t

As a mo.t't..er of f a t

rctLll.'f do a g r eat d.ea.l with o,tr o wn selves b ecause the or b it t r a ck
J1 1i1l

1.irne

Li1'.1e

u , , <;k

r·i gl1L u.J.ong iL and we covld irn.le-µcnden ly

when W(; were; r..:oinil w o v

1,:r1 , di_d ,y ou ex:r>• ri.cncc any

r ;in 0 11,jcct of in t.c re s t

n th~ g r ound .

.iJT · cull..'f in operaUon o

t he .. .... . ..

.' Lili

rlil 'fi c·11II.I•·:; wi l.11
1~:wc.;

I ,1.

i I.

l.0

jt,_

,J i rn, lie s ui<I

wl11: n y ()11 l11 t r1 cl c.!d

know at a

n<-lL

vJl1t~I! WV -

:;11n,

wl1 eLl1t• 1·

we bud 01ie

r two

I lir,111gl1L Lile' ,: rnne r 1:1. IJll kin and

i I, .,n w .;c.;t,

,ir 1

u l>o 11t. .. .. .

ii. I.,, Ill ' :;um• l.i 111<. ln.Le1 ·.

:Belt 16

5

:,ome t i me later , bu t we don ' t know whethe r we got gimrr.i ed around i n
,he s a ce craft or whether it wa s my big fat handed ·glove I tur ned
Lhe wheel and ac tually tur n ed it about - you have t o turn it th i s

way to find out what y ou turned it _ to an d I
J: he] d

j t

aJn

afraid - of course

Ui • 3 ~,u.y and I could huve ci rnc that w· t h the hand on the

v I t)t.:J< .

'.:lo , Lit i.::: mi 1-~hL l,c urn.: :::ou.:r·,·< · u I· <.: rror- wh i.ch wo ul

, Iii..:

Ll,e 1.>1H..:rul. i.un 01· .i. L.

l.1.1

hav e bee n

i\no Lh, ; r- "nc tho ueh , t hat we had prior

t.o tl1c Lim(.: t haL c >ntirn1<)llS tuk.lng plcLure s, the ins ide .shutt er

(loesn L ba<.:1< _yo11

op .n -

oc::m ' t

:.;o

y oI1 drop the J'ront s hutt e r all

,m.nt and you get a black J'rmn' :,.nd we go t, quit e a weries of b lack

f'.rames on L11e 1':i.Jm .

But thi~ may lie u. mechanlcr.i.l problem t hat we

had , as fa-r as ope r ating Lhe c1.JJT1e r a , t.11e moun t ing of the camera on
the gun l tself, made it difficult Lo ope rate .

'1.' he s ame th · ng, if

yo u had a crun.erc,. tl1a.L was j foot w.Ldc and one and one-half foot
.Long it

WO il l.<.J

l;C! hu.rde r

I reuJ.i.zc Ll111t .

I ri i,j _cctl thut in oft(; of y our' shots from the space -

<· nd' L .YOH l1 u.<l 1.1 wh i Le

'1'1 1<; wl,il.c :~111c1n·,
i i. l 11.1.<l

i!u ,

1. 1, i .<.;

~we .u ·

in

LlJ

pr i r1L .

Now , is thr.,,i., on e y ou ·

ul.s,1 d11r · n,v; .vu11r l.r-ai.nin1-~ period ':'

1· x. pc.: ri1 : nc ·d

·,.rnl

Lo OJ) :r-a. te .

I l le li : v ~!

i:: I.IH;

1' i cl .1ir·c Ji111 t.o okof

Llie window,

LJ1.1 lL ::,m1 : n r· ,, 11 L11c wi ndu~, .
i n Lh <.: p:tiJ1L

w ,i.:;

l.1..s•lf.' .

Yu 11 loow Lli c 01e I

1uureferri ng

Lu .

Yu.:,

1,1 10 0 11.; yo11

l'r

nt. no s e straigh t

int o Jim ' s

Is Ll1js th e un ·' wi LI, Lhe whil.t: syme t..clcal s t r eak a ll the

window .

'l 'i ii.1.L ' s

t o ok .r Le;hL r 'iE hl.

rt g l, L .

'l'lH: r t · ;1.rc;

:,

1·r: rn11 : :; .

1:,-'.Lt
le i..LJ' not.

wh :,,t,

'.~IH't;

Ll,c, _y

1.t.rE:

16

6

,;.I f .

i.tL

'i'l1ere is a ::iymmei.r i.c:al one on each one of them .
~/ell , i. t goes back acr oss the fi lm~ about 90 de g r ees.
I s it stra · ghi ?
:~tra.l!:!:ht , i.L ' s a ]')retty ,

·he same w-i tlL!1 all the way across .

·1 L m Lr.~l1L b<; ln.Y !it1.IJ11cl. L L<; - down GLrnp .

I\Ju ,

l.11is

'J'l1 is

i.s

1:.1.<...:ross

W'IJ.,~

a <l il 'I' rc: nL

•r.po!.:11 c!; 011 1,utr , sicJ es .

par I. ic:u.lar too, l1eca1 se tht: exposure goes all the way
th e fllm .

You .......... .

It is noL with · n the

r rune itself.

So there ls a p ec uliar ity there .

Wjth respect. to the bl ac.;k f r ame , the people have lo oke d at it and
tliey don ' t Lllink t.hi.s

j s

problem mo ·l, likely .

We a r c .i.nves1, igating i t fur ther .

1 also , was

a mechan •c:.1.l p ro le .

ulk ing Lo some people on I.he cam n.ts on i i.. and they

l'1!lL I.J1nL il. wus an imag

of some L_y pc wi t.h U,, br ightness out there ,
I.L

'l 'l1cn~ wou.L·

I,

an

im11g

L11 .r e yo1i c:u11.J.d

Wr~

anything on it?

1 dor1 ' I. lmuw .

.ittt;I,

helrl

we• 111;1.vr~ done.,
'I '! 1:1.!,

wouldn ' t b e black .

b ring i L out .

Ar·i] L/1c:;e Lhings reull,y bl.a.ck. , or j :; LJ1e r e
Wt-, 1.1 ,

It is <1.n exposure

i L trp J ike t.!ti.~; and looked down , a11d that is a 0u

Loo , ,Jim .

i ,; LJ 1e: , ,n J y

T d.un ' I.

w. y l I u.1 ve nn

u1.· 11k

i

all

-

C:ll11 J d11 ' L

see · Lll., th i ng .

•L li:wc,11 ' I. r- 11n 1.1. 1'.uud. <10Lai Led :JL1HJy .vet .

l',1 11. u,. :; l , r· i 1-'.lrl. a1J

l.lwn· .

i I.

ic

,i1il.

l.111'1·,~ ,

.i 11::I, ,·emcm L'1 · t.u e

ii wa s my

I iJp11 ' I. :;,•c! l1ow , (•vc,r, 1,t. 11. ll >OO ; t,,ca11S1J wi h the recommended

7
Li't." n.k .is abou L '.:>UO that yo u would have some type o f an

:~c, LL i n1 ~ I

underexposed someth ing yo

can see ....... .

I think so .
Our measured success o f that camera hasn ' t been high.
I 'm al'raid every time we
()f

we are getting

cour·!;e

Lr<1.ce Lhern

med i t ,
fl

l) ,

j t

failed .

of the se thin{"s , but when we go t o

own, we can ' t rr::nlly Li_e them down .

can tie do'Wrt al;out ;; Limes for you .

We Ll, I

When the film in the

td .ti Lwle chamber in exa<: Lly Lbut moue , the s hut Le r doesn't fall,
Ll 1c mir.i:or in L11e l;ack doc,::;n ' t fal l.

I L' s ~ ~ ) t a lmnd.le <.>n tlluL one and he discover d the r E:ason for i t .
'l'l1cy l 1ud i, I 1Ls c1uncra bcl. 1, u.L McDormcJ.l r igh t no-w .
'J'r c twc we had o u L 1e .f'.L.i ght .

'l'tie onE: we ha.d on Lhe fli ght and they a r e l ooking at H

to see if

the r e we r e any of tho se kind of' event f'r ames, that t hey found .
I s t ha t the one - No , the problem that the y found in the altitlJde chambe r was a b ent

part, .

But they don ' i.. know how it J';Ot bent ,

mude j L bc 11 ,

buL

they don ' t, know what

t.11cy· 1. 1:r:e going Lo look at Lb.i.s came ra to to

see

i 1' l,li r:c wr 'rc n.lly of' tl1ose kin s o l" frames n.p11arent .

I l.hi1 1k w-hul. i. " ul::;o 1- nl.e rcs Ll11g

J.

co1 J I c1

Looi\

me .

I

r emember l oking in the

at, t.tie ro I J o I" U1c or i c; "Lnn.l s e ()lte n(.;e and I think we

r:uuJ Li ulmo;~ L Le I I
I·a u .1a-C; .

i ,l ,

Li' we ll n.d u co.mer.a fn.i.lLtre ur we h ucl an e xp osure

I11- r:a.11:.;1..! L.l1"

'x-posu ce

fall11:r

,

you l1ad lt , :t'rom then on

8
J i c:Lucc: .~ 1-1<,ulrJ b<.: I; I ,J.<;k uri<l m,lyl,1; .i.f you riu.<1 a r c,.ndom failure

.Y<)1t1·

o l' U-1<.:: mirro r
not .

l,:.J.c:k

ther e .iL might Lake a pie L1u-e somet ime , sometime

The oack plate - there were expo sures on almos t every frame.

There weren ' t these , I g1less a fairly lar ge number of f rame s that
w-ere 1>lack .
vlr.: r r.: 1, 1,<;

, l<J ,

11< 1 ,

i,uL

l'r-:lJne:; ir1l.c rm i1, 1.t:n1.l_y thnl. ,tc r e blac:k on these ?
l.b1,.t, l

l.ookvcl

c1,c:1i

lJ .

.1

l~,oked -

l d Ldn ' t

luoh at all of them

1.1.L 1)., J'uLrl.Y 1~oorl :Jtri11/~ u1' Lhem antl thero were a

cou-p t c ol' t.he:m , one: or 1.w-o p oi.nt::: , one p o int wher~ ther e is a small

over.lap in Lhe frame, buL that i s uoout the only problem that we
rou.ncl on the black and wl'ii te .
\✓ell,

a re ther e e xcept.ions in the color that. a r e black?

In the color, yes .

There are .

I tMnk this is - -

l don ' t, know - 'l'hcre Ls no i.rnJ i en.Lion Lha.L you goL a random l'uilur e in the mirror
I.hen'!
1, i.eht. , you :;cc we nr e upplyj r1g U1j_:; un GT- 5 .

'j'trr e e experiments

1w<l we 1.t.re kind ol' c.;onc:crned a liou.t I.hat .

I

Lr, i fl~, yo11 [;hou I d be r-u,•.1..ll,y .

IJ i <l .'J'rn :;c<· <Jitsl, JHLrt.i, · I<::-; r·.1outin1'. u 11t; the ca.l.) Ln when you had the
I 1: d,r;li

Ye ·:.; ,

open .

l.t' .vou did , wl 1al. J'lon.L,: u ,)uL'?

we <li<l ~;cc tlt1::L JF•.r-Lt<:1<! 0 , Ll1<:rP was dusL. 1·ioatinc; f r om the inside

l.11 I.I,,. 1111l.:;idu,
1.,,

J: l.l1i.r11< l.l1c\.V U t' <.:! ,j1 r:;l, g ,l"Lng J'r-um o. high p ressure area

n. low -pr-(.::; s11 r 1· a r011. .

.
B-=lt 16
/\nyw,,;,y

my suit J.eu.ked

9

th y all do y ou know s o that 1.he re is

cetting something on the in side , also, we had a lot of th ings i n
there that were p robably outcast .
/\lso , Lhe insides were dirty .
on ' t agre e wl th that.

I

:·ru 1 1.n
liow

j d

irir;ide

o , Lh

efinite t'low of par ticle s

,o the outside .
rlE: glc.rve outside .

you ge ,

t..111 nk Llmt may have -

l

The re was a

-

glove wasn ' , put out , it went out by LLself .

J cun ' L say L'ur <•ure U1uL anyone hi L i L , but Lh re i

somethi ng

ve r.v inL r c::;I..Ln1~ LliuL 1m Jess you sc:e iL , it n _ver davmed on me
t,~ .rorci . l>uL we J1nd .s me JierLutl::; uf l. imr.:: where 1.,;c1 was asleep and I

di

' L huv' m1tcl1 Lu do, t:o I fo ol ed 1J,round with what things do i n

:t.<.:ro g and 1 ulm sL had a pcrC'eci, conservation of energy until you
relea·e an ubjecL and push it o:ff .in a c e rtain
Lo r icoche, aroun

i rec tion , i t continu ed

the spacecraft unt il i.., c atche s onto a lever o r

.i.t gets we ged in somelhi.ng, but iL doe sn ' t seem li ke when you drop
u.

ball on Lh

c.: I.op" ,

e;round • L goes haem , IJoom

t L is k.Lr d of l i.k, Lliat, .

::,1meU1in~'. :iw l ::;pin
•>t1r; of" L11r;
wid<: a11<J

JI. keeps going - - - If you take

it . wi.n Ju"L "n.y th :r~ an d sp· n .

l'i,rid L>1Lf<C w<· 11:u l wl1it: l1 W<'n· ul>t1ut L.lii ::;

v 1 ·1 ·_y

.i 11: ;I, ::t,n_y

iL ,

l.l1i11 1i11d

I wu11 l <J

11,<; r, - a11<1 :JJ>i11 .

,j11.sl.

:,p i u

,,. pi,·•~, or mcl.E.1.I Ll,nL
it

r·u1111<I

w:l '

I

long tnd a
11ud i

i.L J ikl! Urn.

took
0tt

tha

wo ld

Wit.I , m> ,lu ·rense j n - es s enl.iall,v no
/\not.11,•1 · i11

Uu.1.L lu.1.d

boom, lioom , and finally

:-.:cr·e wecJ

.>J1l,c

i.c:J.ticlll I observed , I had
i,l!c

d.isc: wi Ll1 a J.oop i 11 i L un

I i rJ.k d,~ wi Ll :ind t.lt n I.I 1< : r t: wus :,mot I,e r

· n ··Lru.mentlition panel
Lhen it

'hain l i.nh

a

a chain

ewi tt, and that

Belt 16
c11 air1J ink

o:ito t e ins r ument panel , s o tr.at the r e

as s c r e we

r-e u Jy w&s - U w me ta.

were

we

h• u a

['&n

10

,J.

link, the n 11nother fixed link, and the r e

in 011r suit loop , und y ou could fee l t hat inle t

v a ve un er·neath the insLrument panel, a nd I r e a ly s houldn ' t b e

·, c ry muc h ui r going throu.g}i ther
:_,_ smc.1.JJ por l. Lon of

becau se y ou only blowing just

he uir fr·om the c ;J.IJin

Lhe :;mall u.lr or oxygen in I.he su • L i Ls(.;lf ,
c·ulaLc a. J j L tle b • t

·ti r C.t· 1m t he suit ,"ln

of air fr om Lb •

nd mixing i
'' O

wi th all

y·ou ju"t sort recir ­

,J.bln and mj xing it wi t h mostly

it ,just so happeued t h at I noticed the part i ­

c 1.e s with:in l.. he ..,1mcecraft 1, ndecl tu flow down .m d you could get
11

r-cuc.- L'in i. Lr! s t..rcu:rn.1 in , f"c Ll

Lh .rou1.i:JI m,y leg a.nd. this

motrnl.cd .j1 1::I. 1:1,l1ovc Lhu.L , lrnL up ug11i.n:.;l, the l" l al, pane]

l•:nd of tape .

ctal

was

so that the ..... .

Belt 17

1

and the Spacecraft tended to pull down to here the redefinite streamline
down through my legs and this met al was mounted jus t above that, but up
against a flat panel so that t he ball ad of the panel i s here and t he metal
is mounted

pin here .

And I watched that thing start into motion.

Really, I' d just touch it and it would s t art loffing.
like this and boun e up like this .
i t for ovc

It would loff over

And it went on for - one time I timed

20 minutes and other times for as long as 30 minutes - and

the only thing that ever stopped it from t his continuous motion - this loffing
back a nd forth - was a piece of gawkroll t hat we had gl ued on underneat h
i t and every once in a while it harl an edge on it like a nickel or a dime
where it essentially came off like this and every once in a while I 'm
sure that that edge got stuck in the gawkr ol l , but it never, ever stopped
unles s it got stuck in the gawkroll.
have happened to the glove .

And t he same kind of thing could

It might have been put i n motion in the

spa cecraft and then just I wasn ' t looking 'at it AND it could have been
rico heting around inside the spacecraft for a long time and it finally
went off.
The same th ng applies to your strap. . . . .
I think wll t you
th r

ught as far as u Clowout of spacechart is concerned,

' s a tr m ndous ex mpl

on. my h lmet tied-on ...,trap .
the
£.~love

low -

of iL in the fi rst part of the film.
It ' s <le i nitely taking exactly the path of

omcs up, goes out, und aches ov r, and i

am out and followed exactly that path .

arched over, and went
top 01' the .

It

you rec 11, the

arne up and out,

ight out the right side of the spacecraft over the

Belt 17

2

It conti nued right on out .
You can s ee there was a fa i r amount of sun i n and out of the cockpit.
Quite a bit.
You could see all the dust particles .
way out .

You can count the streamline on the

.Maybe we ' ll have a tou h on these last t wo experiments and then

ome back if there - j ust to make we touch on all the . . . . . . the
radiation exp riment insicle the cabin.

Is there any comment or question

that .

. . . . that this was the little ball .

Right .

Ed White, why don't you ·omment on that?

Yeah 1 t his is a fairly straightforward experiment in which I ' m sure the
people responsible that are f amil iar with it.

It was a measuring device

in which we measured the spacecraf t radiati ons f or 1- minute periods of
time at 6 different spots of t he spacecraft and this we did at prescribed
times during the fli ght .

A very straightforward experiment.

That ' s all the background ( up to) t his morning.
bout it

Are t he re any questions

The last one was the Hangd.ella Sexon experiment

We covered t his in great, great detail yesterday
on tho. t cxpcrim •rrt;?

Did anybody br:l '

y ' all ask ct. qu

tJ ons on

about thr c hours .

and I don ' t .

I t hink it would be bett r if

t because if we w nt through i t , it would take

Do., anybody have any questions about it?

No, I think we got a very good thorough field for i t yesterday when we
went t hrough it in detail .

That leav s t he vi sual obse rvations .
Ye s .
/\nd I know you we nt t h .ough tl1at y sterday a nd I listened carfully.
'I 'hat ' ::i

riefl t .

W

won ' t, have. to -

Belt 17

3

And I personally asked Glen, Cochran, Schirr a , a nd Cooper if they say a
meteor and they all said negative.
And t hen you both said you saw a meteor.
No, a falling star .

Ha Ha.

I think thcre ' e a diff rence betw en what w say and what ,;.re were expected
to se as f a

ns meteors are cone rned.

Are you t a king about micro-,eteor.i tes striki ng theNo, I 'm t alking about meteors in the atmosphere .
O. K.
O. K.

Below.

Below we saw them.

Little ones .

Ah , little ones .
Yes .

Now, one of the obvious situati ons is t hat you said you said a 7th

magnjtud

otar.

c o probably your vi sual sensitivit y was better than

another ob er vation.

The window wa s better or something.

Di d you make a count of the num.be
Wait a minute .

Is that it?

of t he-

What are file s you use success?

Well, if you have poor visual sens i tivity, then the number of meteors
observabl

drops of f very qui ckly with the sensitivity of the eyes .

You sc, 10th magni tude , you could see a lot more meteors in the atmosphere
than you ·an if you . . . . . . 2nd magnitude .
How many do I exc .cd . . . .
. 2nc o rel r of meteo1:s .
Yc a.11 .

They were ~nd or er. me t eor s and -

And the question arises

Belt 17

4

They were quite bright .
O. K.

You saw only bright ones.

About how often did you see any?
said,

11

About how many did you see?
Could you have made a count of them and

Let's l.ook at met eors f'or awhil.e" ?

Yes, we could have.
Could you have sat down there and counted t hem all off as you say them and
give them relative attention?
You see, I hes itate to give you a number because I think that if we did,
you'd tend to come t o the wrong conclusion because we weren't looking out
of the windows at night all the time .
No .
Quite often we had things to do i nside and: we turned the lights up and
never even looked out . .
Oh, you weren 1 t dark enough, is that it?
No, we already were looking out.

We were attempting to look out and we

couldn 1 t see out because we had t he lights way up and, first, we were
working at the window, and secondly, if we we r e we couldn ' t have seen.

So

if we give yo\l a number, make sure that you don 't s ay that, O. K. , we say

15 m tears in :four days and therefore they're going t o see . .

. and

that.' s not right .
No . o. K.

n1rt ber•auec .

If y·o1, want H. number, I saw probal>.Ly betwee n 10 and 20, but again I

wasn ' t looking out; all the time .
No, so you really weren't looking f or a meteor, right?
No , we sure weren ' t .
And you have tor member, also they occur in a rather uninteresting place.

Belt 17
They don ' t occur up in th

heavens , they occur down below you .

5
This i s the

area that you spend a great deal of time looking at i n t he night.

You're

looking up at the stars.
We came to the conclusion that you looked at the ground in the daytime,'
you looked at the horizon starting at night, and if you were looking somewhere else , you really didn ' t see much.

You find out that sky, in the

daytime you a.on 't see anything-

I was just curious whether it would be worthwhile to spend a little bit
of time looking sort of at the ground close to the hor izon and trying to
count meteors in terms of finding out what I 'm sure we c ould .
Getting a count on.
It occurred quite low do,m . . . . . . . . . You looked down a t 30
there'd be meteors ; at 45° there'd be meteors.

0

and

Obviously well below you.

Did they l ook any different from shooting star s from a baJ.loon?
The t hing that I not iced about them is that they were short and I think
this is probably because you're l ooking at them from above and the angle -the lengt h of them - of short , and. you ' re seeing them a s they come down
through the atmosphere from above a nd so you see a line that's lonly that
long from above .

Up there it ' s only that long , and then when you look at

them f'rom down below you see them .ome all the way down and they appear to
me'l'hey ' rc probably microscopic .

The random slope direction.

~.iometime s they ' re real 11ttlc tiny short ones and1\.nd I think the short on 'fl would. more be an indication that they were very

d.im ones , b <;ausc the dimmer the meteor, the shorter the trail.

Well that :..:c'rns r .u.aonti.blc .
I'

I,

i'

1-,t • 'l

: ,.,

' I \ ,11

Belt l7

6

But what you ' re looking at right here then i f it was dark.
To tell you the truth, I think what 's more· important is the angle that
you ' re looking at them at.
Well anyway, we did see a lot of them.

And they 're not difficult to see.

And I don't think we were looking a t anythi ng that approaches a 7th magnitude meteor .
You see we could seeWell, I was just curious whether this was the reason why the, Much brighter than that.

I didn't see any real dim ones.

As

a matter of fact , since we weren't looking for them, you know, we wouldn't
have seen them.

You look up there and you say "I wonder what magnitude

star I can see" and you look around and you say "O. K., I know that's a
3rd magnitude and that's a fifth and then I see that one over there is
dimmer than the fifth and that one's evan dimmer so t hat
eventually you come to the conclusion that maybe you can see 7th magnitude

. . . I saw those because I wa s looking for them and I could come
to t hat conclusion, but I never looked out at them to see how dim a meteorite

I was only seeing the ones that I was attrac ted to while I was l ooking
f or something else .
~,o that might be 1:1. nice thing to ( a sk) . . . . . . . . . . . on the next
(fligh t) .

W 11, if you looked out for th m, you probably could see a lot dimmer ones .
Dr . -

. . . . . . . . . general ~uesti on or something?

Eelt 17

7

Do you remember on your consumption of oxygen .
You shouldn't ask.

That ' s a hard one for me to answer .

I know what the

flow into the suit was and.Look, somebody might have given you the

I don't believe that you could get that figure because you see it was an
open roof system a nd.What ' s not used goe s right on.

I n fact, not only that, it comes in at a

f i xed rate and it goes right over the sides.
You can ' t get that when you ' re fuel i ng.
Did you come across any unusual problem outside the vehicle that you didn't
expect?
No.

Here ' s one you may not want to comment on.

Do you have any comments to

make in r egard to the capability of putting man aboard and hide inside the
vehicle , the satellite Without a ct uall y . .

. ?

Doing what?
Putting a man aboard
You mean go over and take a look

. . . . . . . Sure.

That's one of t he

reasons we ' re doing this .
You think lt 's perfect .
Pull

11:p

along s 1dc of it and go ever and take a look a t it .

(You don ' t 1'oresc, e.ny u.nus®l probl ems, do you?)
No.

. . . the tumbling (mold) "l

Excuse me?
Even jf it ' s in the tumbling mold?
You ' re goinp; to use some good judgment about what you do as f ar as going

.

8

Belt 17
. It 1 s the same kind of problem we have associated with the
booster.

We spend quite a bit of time ahead of time trying to determine

exactly how much of t he tumbling b ooster we could plan to go up and take a
look at and we finally came to the conclusion that it was up to the 1>ilot 1 s
good judgment to approach the booster using his O'W?l j udgment on it.

There

just wasn 1 t a way to put a hand.J.e on it - well it's tumbling so many degrees and out of plane and you can go or you can 1 t go.

I think if you see

it, you 'll know whether you can or you cant .
Is the problems connected with the difficulties in closing the hatch
unidentified?
They ' re working on those , I t hink.

I'm not sure that they completely

ompleted the case .
I was asked to find out whether we have some lubricants in the very close
cauldrons was contributed
I think that kind of inf'orma.tion should come from t he systems people who
have done a lot of work on it.

Yes, t t ' i t1k . . . . .

•.•••

.

•..•...•••••••.••.•

Are the re any other general questions?
Yes, I have one .

In your effort to photograph specif i c objects on the

groun, wh~t kind of siting devices - . did you use optical siting?

Did

you try at any time to use the reflex viewing arrangement of the 35 mm?
uh

siting deviL:e

For siting '/
yes .
We looked out through it but it was mounted in s uch a manner that you

Belt l7
couldn 't do any more than look out.
You couldn' t aim at a particular point and correct forNo, because it amounted to looking over this way and then controlling the
spacecraft back that way.
In addition to that, you had up and down, which is worse.
A redu ed .
That' s the reason I a sked the que stion.

I wondered i f you had used that

paJ:rti cular thing and whethe r it was useful .
You could see what you were looking a t, yes, but, controlling a spacecraft, no .

I think you could have ma.de a little near - actually got around

to t hat part of it . . . . . you did the firs t time .

But if you wanted

to t ake a picture of s specific ob ject, and one person was controlling
t he space craft and the other person was going to take the picture, he
could take the pictures when he saw them in the viewer .

control

the spacecraft too it would be a One other point i s how accurately do you think you can point a photo-system
with the optical site'
Cert ainly with .:ta half a degree .
Plus o

minns half ad gree .

robably l os than that .

Maybe on the order of a quarter.

Do yo u have a picture of the site agai n?
No, we don't .
There ' s a dt fercnce between the open bars on the site .

Do you hav~ to go , Bill?
No, I don ' t .
I can give you n b tter answer if you come and as k me in a day or t wo

Iielt 17

when I get i t little

l~t me: look clt the si te ~gain.

'fhe e ' s . .
Excuse me .

10

visual obse .cvati ons .
Let m answer one mor e .

Have you seen the tracking .film?
No.

Look

t at - you

1t

ould probably . . . . . p utt ing a grid on a screen .

I coul<l show you what I was u sing a ::; the targe .

You could

• • • • • feel the view that you got - that y ou ' e looking at .
Knowing the f'i ld you know, I'm sure you could calculate exactly what you
an do .
• • l:l.

tl,y whu L you .nn do.

'.['hat ' :; the :; ' ·onll Lhj ne ] want to 1:1r.;k Dr . White

of vi ew.
of View.

Yo u w nt outsj_<lc tJ1

bout - r:ornments of fields

spar: •<;ra t and then you ·h ad a Wider field

Yeah .
How would y ou describe th

difference in field of view in terms of your

visual sensibility in looking at the lemo.

Any problems about t hat?

Oh, golly.
It's like l ook •i.nc; ouL t .h
wj.ncto, out

t

ha tl1r-oom w i.ndow vers s l ookinB out the f ront

pi · tut·c· ~-rind >w, whi< ·h :is like g oine to a movie th atre where

yo1, ha.vc, it lJ LL.l e r :um t l,c>r ·e rtn( l t h 11 goi ng to (m . of tl1es
one:~; .
Did

You l 11,vc• Lo L1a·n yo 11c lll:ad

you 1·-·n<l

Wc •J J., I

:.;1;J,

l.11 c: :JI)l.l.('C'

pJ.:d,,•

wide- s reen

Ln :;cc it all .

<J11jl~c . .d1•q1iatc?

l.d. _yn1, l1tJ. vc to L10:n y ur.

IJ( ' 1Hl

t o see it .

C uJ cl like y 0 11 G
then lJ 1c whole }iorj.zon'!

Did you f ind any differences

Belt 17
,L.LOfli--'.

11

the 1,url:r. on'!

You ,::an sec, the curvatu('(; :ln the horizon whe:n you ' re just l ooking out the
window of the spacecraft.

And then when you're looking out there you se e-

0. K. then, yo~ could ~ompare one part of the horizon to another to look
for variations.
Yes .

In dnyligb t .

Yes.
You <:ould sec a great deal o.r t he horizon out the window
Did it look all t he sf.i.me - uniform - or did you find a ny variations?
No, I did n 't.

It looked just the r;l).me - like three more piece s of dough

What about stars i n t he daytime'!
I didn ' t see any outside .

/\nu I d.jdn 't specifically try to chaff myself

t o do t hat.
. . . . . . scattered light
It was ver y bright out there and I even looked in the shaded areas which
we ren 't shaded deed shnde but behind t he door , places like that.
Cooper and :·ic.:hi r.ra i n the d.::tyti!ne '!

Go.w a dayel ow.

Were

1 ,a

Iklt 18
.. , • .. , . , , . <lce-p Sl1 1i<1a ,

Were Coop ~r

rind.

t, ·•hlnd Lhe du()t·, J)laC !,';$ like that .

:·;ch.lrru ln the rlayt 1me?

Sor t of date - low.
Could you see t hat also?
What di d t hey describe as the basis?
They ...... the sky had u brightne s s t o it ..... above t hem .
And when Cooper woke up , he was mostly in the daytime.

He (not iced)

out on t he wi ndow he knew i t was dayt ime right away .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ha Ha Hu .

I could t e ll by up a nd down .......... .
I tell ya , I woudn ' t be uh I would he sit ate that there was actually
phenomena like duy glow because it might be uh .... You could liik out
the window and whether you 're at night or in the dayt i me .
may (not ) have anyth ing Lo do with what 's out there .

But it

It might not

have anything to do wi th t he space craft.
You 1 ve got t wo windows, anyhow .
There 1 s more to it than t hat.

You can tell whether you 're ....... .
You know you' ve got a b ig long nose

Belt 18

1

sticking ouL on th t spacecraft ; and if t h e s un is shining on
that nose , ,you know darn well it ' s based on it .

Al so t he light on

t he nose •• 3 refl ected back int o the windows gi ves you a light .

And

t here ' s a. 1 ot of things 0 1 tside that window that gi ve light to your
eye s .

We roun

1 ight to .vo1,r

that th · r e W/lS a f'l i m on (trie cone?) t hat gave
(; y r:! :, .

gi ve you n. clu

The r e a rc so rnany th ln1.'.,e; n:round the r e that would

You could indeed be plo.(: ·•rt

oi1

t into a ..... if you

tllk that same spacecraft and I knew the re wasn ' t anything out side,

no day gl ow, ju st nothin g but an ab solu tely black sky up there, shining
l i ght on the spacecraft,
the daytime .

I wou l d ge t the imp res s ion that I was i n

I hes itate t o lead you down the wrong p ath .....

Did you see stars in the daytime f'rom ins i de the spacecraft ?
At sunset and .;unrise that you c011ldn' t when you shaded b oth on e• s

s ' des .

Herc n.p;ain it ' s the same kind of problem.

or Llt

wine tows; w

We had something

had th _ rJl'.'ight nose of the spacecraft, the sun

was shining ori the spacecraft any1, Lu.ce 1 t event1 ally came into the
winclows ...... in the fo rm of money .
were in free drifl.

I could sees rneLhing bright up in the sky .

coul n ' t Le t.1 you wheth r it was
or an.vt.hine: .

w.. h who.t ' s out there .
lot o

som('Lh11 t1.1.

nooe

r1

I

_plan et or whether it was a star

Rut ,you • ve got a loL of light c oming into the space ­

c raf'L o n the drw :s · cte f'rom th

11

And I , onc e or twice when we

<; L.Lck·i nv.

sun .... d oe sn ' t have anyth ing to do

It ha~ t o do with the fact that you ' ve got
out , ,y ou ' V (' got a l ot of window

on -t,h • w·indov, , n.nd even

w nd ,iw , tl1c l i 1.r11 I. com0.s 111 l.h
n ro 1ir1d i.11 :;iJ, l.11-

~pa

era l. .

there was

u · the re "Wll.Sn ' t any thing on the

wi 11dow f rom the su n and is reflected
Yo11 ' v

got sou rces of li ght just all

Belt l8

.2

over the place .
It foll ows, th en, if you switch that , I mean the next time is ter ical
and the next time was great .......... . that if you could get out in
the spacecraft at night, ...... .
You ' d sec a l ot more .
ma.gn • tude :-itars,

stars

l'.,1i t

You say it ' s "gre at " becau se you saw 7th
Ed and I

oth proved th t w _ could see mor e

.Ly t11p; in an airplane at 40,000 fe et here on earth than we

could up there .
But Lhen if you want t o l ook at the diagolect ric exampl e, which is
p:eomeLrical y ext nded ob ec L--you ' re l ooki ng through this little
narrow an,lc r estriction wher .as if you ' d ·gone out s ide you could see
this clong~Led phenomenon with ease -- th e same with l ooking at meteors ....
You ' r e making some conclusi ons ri ght now that we 're not -- haven'.t made- nor maki ng .
Well I 'm t r ying t o get your impress i on as to whether-And I ' m not sur e befor e when you were t al king ab out the dayglow
of what conclu sion you drew from what I said .
imply Lh at ther e ' s a differenc

whic h 11.r

Are you t rying t o

be lMeen a ni ght sky and a day sky

01>vio1Jsl.y ..•..... or b t ween the slcy and the ground in the

<layt: i rr11' ?
I ' m L r y i ng 1. > J'lnd

irt

l1ow w 11 yo,ir seeing conditions w .re compared

l.o 1.lif, M rc 1u·y c t· ew ' s .

llh -h1 l t .

J\nd tl e i mplication that I get i

thaL the i mplication is the same

condiLion in the dayt ime with i errical
way th

spaccc r-aCt ·s shnped an

probably becaus e of the

mult iple scattered l ight .

Belt 18
I think you ' r

3

drawing improp er conclus ions .

o. K .
I don ' t see why you say that the seeing condition s i n the daytime
were extr emely poor .

In t erms of visual accuity, for looking , for example

at stars, -­

Well , how ab out for tur ning down &nd looking at objects on the
gronn ..
Now that ' s visual acc11 ' Ly , also .
Yes .
And ·1 thoup;ht it was oulstanding .

Looking a L br ight obj ects , you ::,ee .

Where you don ' t have a high

contrast required .
You mean on the ground they ' r e br ight , yes .
The n ther e is a high contrast requi red on the ground .

If you ' re

l ooking out at a star, you know , you 've got a bright star against a
black sky .

That ' s pr etty high contrast .

down at the ground .
a

u:rk. fi0 Id .

Yo1

The same thing l ooking

You ' re . ooki ng at a white road going across
can

e

those 1.hi.ne;s .

Y s , lrnt. t,IH' only :prohlem h re •i

Lhat you 're l ooking thro gh a

ha:G • o r n ·cattered lay r of ljght. ...... sc att ering illto the sp acecrafi.

or on Lhe window .

scat.t. red (frost) on th
nighL

For instance, the case if there's no
spacec r a

When tha

disappears at

you can •·ec directly througl1 the window and yot r vis ual

sensitivity goes up Lo a maxim m o:f (phot ogr aphication ) .
Whict1 obvious y must have happened b ecause o
Lei.. me t. 11 yoll what I think .

I

the way things were .

.link there are so many things
.he layer on the

4

Belt l8

windows , the light corning through, that I couldn ':t tell you whether
there ' s anything that if I looked up above I could see an image, or
not .

But I t hink that possibly , if we could find a long black

tube and a window with no film on it and some way of closing off
all t..he liv,ht inside the spacecraf t , I fe el that maybe I could look
t1p a.ncl T could have seen t he ulack sky ( and the stars ) .
Yeah , we didn ' t have t.,hat , so I wouldn ' t draw that conclusion from
what. I saw up t..here ,

All I can say is that you couldn ' t see up

and see t he stars in the daylight because of' all the se other
reasons .
could .

Now if you eliminate other reasons, I think probably you
I wouldn ' t say f or sur e that that ' s r i ght .

The point that

interests you when you ' re talking about accui t y, is t o look down
on the ground and you can see very small ob jects in the daylight .
So t hat with one is (r esolution ) and the other one i~ sensitivity
t o different l i ght levels .

And I ' m talking about light levels from

Gemi ni , i n terms of having a niosy background .
I want.. you to be careful of the conclu sion that you made .

You 've

p;ot thre e 1.hinr~:.: !.hat you ' re obviously tryinp; to make conclusions
out of', and 1 wunl. t,o be sure -t,ha1. you didn ' t make some of your own
con c:l 11slon:;

out ol' t..hc:m.

Out of !.h.is Mercury, they have Mercury,

and you ' :re p;oing t.o compa:rc Mcrcm·.v and Gemini observations and you
Look Lhe insiu.e- tlie- spncecraft observat ions and said at night it
was t-'. reat and. in the day time it was lousy .
I didn ' t, reel it, was l ousy .
parj ,,g it against.
,YO\J ' d

Ancl

Well , in the daytime

I dori ' i, know what standa rd you ' re com­

YoL1 ' re comparj ng it against Mercury .

I think

be very car eful in d rawing that conclusion .

1.i1c11 L!H ·r·e ' ~

rwot l1e r ll.rc a that. you want Lo make conclusions on

Belt 18
and Lhat ' "" vision o tside the spacecraft , and I (can

5

make a compari son

betw en those t wo and I have al r eady ; but you can s ee clearer f rom
outside the spacecraft .

And I was quite surprised at this be cau se

I had thr ee visors on :

one of them was a left-hand visor which

isn ' I, h p: 11 on OJr\,ica.J pror>e rt~ies f'..tnd one o • them which is a sun
vl.:<Jr' whir:11 l!; 1,robo.lJI.Y pr tl.y

r.1,

d o,rti ally

wj_

ha gold coo.ting

on • t. and Lhen a 1' ex1g ass which is very · l. igh in optical qualities .

And I felt as far as vision was concerned , I could sec better out side the spacecraft and I ' d love t o be able to make <•ome fur ther
visua

testing out and I think we p robably we 1 do this -- t ake the

visor s

p, this type of work, later on .

So you 're comparing three

ifferent things and I think we can definitely tell you some concl sions between inside and outside a s far as Gemini is conc erned ,
I ' d L>e very caref\ 1 ap;a.inst sayintJ, that t he vision out of Mercury
was worse or

e1.t r w· th r espect. Lo what we could sec out of Gemini

in th

At ni~ht we were ab1c to see and compar e hi gh magni tudes

day .

down to what we felt was 7th order magnitude sta re .
(The only th ing that )bothers me just a little bit i s you s aying because
Gordo said he could - he woke up in the daylight - pointed at the sky, he
could tell whether it was day or night , and t herefore it was an airglow.
Now I could wake up and tell whether it was
wasn ' t b •<;au ae t here was any airglow.
spa<: c;cr ft .
Gord
s

a y or ni ght , too, but it

It was becaus e I had sun in the

And I think...... .

lol.l • n.w. . . . .. . . ........... .......... in the daylight .

ond inuic tion .

So that's the

6

Eelt 18

Yeah} this is a unique situation.

He happened to be in a situation where

the earth was beneath and the sun was behind him and there was no lightning scattered into his window or anything or at least apparently the r e
wasn't anything .
opportunity.
( ·?)

He didn ' t fe el there was any and that he bad a good

There ' s only one datum .....

Two we re the re when they havc poor days.
Shade on the windows.
You know the stars are there; there ' s no question that they ' re up there
and if we make th

conditions right we can s ee them.

Couple times I did see stars or planets or something in the daylight.
co~ldn 't tcJl you what they were, what magnitude they were at all .

I

All I

could t e ll you is that as we drifted around some random positions I could
see some sorts of light

oming through the window.

I t hink the point that we tried to make also is we have been working on
Apollo and we know that stars and measurement of stars in the daytime and
the lighting conditions are very important.
in this matter, the stars weren't there .

And on a routine operation

This is the observation that I

felt I made and I think we've both been working in (guidance) .
this is whut Jim was driving at also .
time becau::;
l,O

I wanted to sc

I think

I was looking for them in the day­

th m out there in the daytime; I didn't want

sec th m 'ln a cloud (Apollo' ).

But they were n't there to the extent

that J wm.uu 11 ke t,o b t.1.vc seen .

As n. mnttr-r o.l' fttct

uren ' t out th<:r..
WC

thnt was one or the reA.l surprise s we bad.

They just

At lea.st they wer n 't out there in the configuration

• • .•.

You t .ca pnnsing star of a 1st or 2nd magnitude out there, that's not
1~o·Lng to <Jn you u bit of good as rnr as anything but saying "O, look, I

(ii)

Belt 18

7

see one " because you don 't have any idea what it is certainly can ' t get
into measurement .
Maybe we can give Dr. (Ritch) a chance.

Results of this .............
Did he hav

any questions?

I was curious as to wh t th

difference is between sunset and sunrise.

Well , particularly with respect to the shape of the sun and how much does
it spread out in lattit ude .

Is it different for night and day?

We sort of concluded that the sunrise was prettier than the- no the sunset
was prettier than the sunrise .
ing was more white and blue .
ed.

It i s red and blue.

The sunrise s eems to be to my way of thinkBut the sunset was many colors .

They were much prettier.

A l ot of

I don ' t know why

because we ' ve got some movies with us .
Actually we do have some movies that we tried to vary on some of them the
perture and I think we ' ve got, at least at certain times during the filming, we 've got a fairly true representation of what's up there.The colors
in the pictures rea lly do look right and, in fact , I was pretty happy with
them.

There are certain parts in there that give you pretty close to the

i mpression that w got , and I think these will also show you that the
sunset is u. little mar

spectacular than the sunrise.

th ing that certainly is different in the sunrise.

Now there is one

When the sun comes, it

rally com.sup wjth SQch a much higher rate and it just booms right up and
bang it ' s light and a big ball of r·re from the sun comes up.
goe

Now when it

<lawn, Lhough, it ' 8 the rev, rs, and it kind of dies out slowly and you

,·o.n mt.1.yb

::ilt Lher

that '

reason . ... that the sunset is a little pret tier .

th

and

njoy and a bsorb the colors a little more .

Maybe

Belt 18
Is the sunset more billiant than the su..'trise?
Yes.
Contrast-wise?
Right .
How about the elongation?
Wait a se ond.

When you say it's really . . .. . ... .

That was b rightness .
Sunrise 1s more brilliant.
Sunr1se is more brilliant.

Up it comes .

See i t's dtirk a nd then the next thing it ' s light.

It's really light.

Sunset seems to t ake longer and the gradationAnd more color.

More colorful.
What about the elongation and latitude?

Is there a difference in sunset and

Does the s un squash down elliptical?
No .

It doesn ' t move.

It goes so . . . You .know .. . It takes about 4 seconds

to r everse the whole thing there and it ' s so bright, you don ' t notice it
squashi ng ..... .. ... . Did you?
No, I didn ' t .

No, I ' ve seen a lot of peculiar sunsets and moonsets; the

s un l'tnd moon have ear s on them and t hings like thatIt' s a.11 du

to t he t hi ·k amount of atmosphere that you're going in.

It all go s pretty quickJ.y and I didn ' t notice that the sun came up in
any different shape was set, but it may have .
You know, one t hing on t he f ilms when you see them, the bottom pa.rt looks
like the rcfle t i on o

something, either in the lens or - I don't think

' .

.
it '

Belt 18

9

in the proce sing - must be in the lens under the film.

The - down

at the bottom part ki nd of duplicates and lets magnitude look on top and
that's really not fair .

It doesn't reflect down and what you see is only

on top .
Did you see any difference between moonsets and moonrises?
No, I dido ' t .
Did you see any (classing) .......... of t he moon?
The elongation that you see?
No.

I didn't .

I didn ' t notice any.

I thought the interesting thing, too, about the moon is that clarity - t hat
I

you see it ' s quite clear whe·n you l ook at it here, but also it just looked
l i ke a little silver globule going down.

It just goes right down.

You

have no scanning or anything associated with it .
And no ....... , either.
That 's right, it goes right down .

And also, your vieWing of the stars

beyond my cpmment on this earlier doing this.

It doesn't obscure your

vieWing - the moon being up there doesn ' t particularly bother you as far
as the ( stars?) ...... .
Then you could always tell where the horizon was because of the stars
which you know appeared.
And then the airglow.
Could you also tell from the stars? ...... sort of a supplemental picture
of the horizon from the stars?

Belt 19

1

... the air e:low .
Can y ' all Lell il' i t ' s dark?

Some little (Supplemental ? Sublimal?)

pi c t11 r c o f f,he ho r i.zon 't

Well

jf

yo ,; watched a certain star , you could tell whe n it went b elow

Lhe horizon .

You J·ust can ' t look out ther e and say, "O. K. , that ' s the

hor izon . " IL depends ·on the stars.

Now, y ou can look out there and

::,ay, " O. K. , now , that's the horizon ; not because of the stars . "
n ecausc of the luck of the s tars ar,d also the air glow.
And a l so t lnmd(':r·sLorms on the hor izon ..... .. .. (of the Lark? )
prov es that you can get. i t ( pictures?) .

But you never can say that­

and I never would evet' say that, I c o 1,1ld t ake a p encil and d raw a very
l'ind I. i ne o.nd say U,aL ' s the horizon at night,.

As a matter of fact,

in the clay Lime, c:i t her .
Did you ge L the point. that Edward made about the moon , though , that
when you loo k at it f rom even far and high, you can see all these s tars .
You see t h e moon ; but you don ' t s ee ,just the light of the moon .
see a l ot of glow a ro1rnd it .

. .. And f rom on earth .

1 didn ' t sec any glow around i t .

I

You

But up in or bit

saw the l i ght --I saw the moon .

Right next t o H was dark.
Ther e ' s not,h in~ armind

j1, ,

It ' s ~har p .

l~vco wh en yo11 :l<-e u aha.r p rjm her e: on ea.rth--Yon see, if the moon were
her e nnd wu:-: L11a L b,iµ; 11.rounct. J ' rt Lend to see glow around her e.
C:ver1 wr1cn Uie moot1 is i-n (venus?)

You do a t Lime s .

Tha t depeHds on the humidity on a clear n i ght .
Normally when Lhe moon ' s out on a c:lear n i gh L, y ou have a lot of h aze
and stuff around it .

(that ' s noL Lhere ? ..air?)

when ,vou ' t·e out, of t he atmosphere .

which you ' d expect

You know, we received a picture

in t.11c ma i I whi(•t1 Lr .von ,'tt1::;L , t1a v.Lu1-'. been o n a space fli ght , I think

Belt 19

2

it. mc::nns a little more Lorn .... now thai, I th · nk ab out it .
Expec • ally n.s yo11 look at i L row and thE: artist has t aken these thing s
and he ' s p ut them in very clearly on a stark black backgrou nd-- and
you k.now and yo u say , " Gee ,
not

rLif <..:ial loo king .

rnoon ' :~ n

I.her

sn ' , Lha t artificial loo king ?"

That ' s the way it

ally doe s loo k .

But that's
The

n a. :1La k hla k. l>·· ck.µ;rotmd ( and the other artists

should [pr;1,inL ] J.ik.
was h .i s ( w::1.!,ch)

U1at . )

I ' cJ like to ask CoJonel White what color

( uL sh )

.T st s · lvery whiLe ................. I

suppose .
. . . . . . . . . . . " Dr . (Acre )"- -

I take i t yo

would not have any tro uble findin e the sun i f you were

to try orienting at som

angle with r espect to this ..... .

You w uldn ' t hav e t o do too much ,·e arching if you wanted t o l ine up
with Lhc sun in orde r to ....•
No

N >. Yo1i can 1~ ne ally tell wh ·re it is by the brightness.

The

.:;rune holds Lr11e wilh ~ln (open lo.nd.ing).
You c1n find it on tt1
rcfer cnc

way in .

It's easier

·-r you ' ve got an att i tude

w· Lb iner1.ia1 rcferen e,3 working and you just go up ther e

und s woop ,•t<.:ross Lhe sky and yon cn.n find it .
/1;

nut if you ' ve got to

L l ip . • .

You 'v e: ,~o t Lo v,o find i t w·tho11
r:r a f'L) , I 1;:ucs

j f

nny refere nces (out in the spa.ce ­

yo11 g t o n the l1ori zon an

get a ll set and then

start. a _pj 1.c11 raL , or somet'n • n{;: _yo11 o..;a,n 0 0 find it .

dri f'L i n1 ~ rr·ccly ., u.nd you
11 p l 001<. i 111-'. 11 p

ut when y ou 'r e

on ' L know 11rhich way is d own, you s imply end

a I. 1.hc :~k.Y and you cl o 1 ' t know how to get

11 ir.izont..<.1.l--i I. rni (.'. ld. I>(, r · 1-'.llL t.hc r 1• ~n

o the local

your _p lane here and yo 're

Belt 19

3

not s 11re 1m Li l _yo11 :-- LarL loo kJ n v, for it l i ke this and you can search
around for a long Lime .
You ca

s arch a l ong t · mc ...

And never get back do wn to the horizon, but if you es t ablish (a
per rate ) wel l you can get the e .
you ' v
You

~e

'rh e b i g thing is how mu ch f u el

p;ot. Lo expend .
r'i b•:hL on the 'h orizon ancl p · c k up ...... Mi l ky Way we l l i t can

help you ... we 1 you can geL I.here .
you ' vc g ot

1.0

cxpr:nd .

Milky Way, 1veJ.

The big 'Lh:i.ng is how muc h fu el

You get, ri gh t.. on t h e horiz on and pick up ....

i L can he lp yo11 .

Dr . (Ayer) , 1. think we ' re p; •t1,ing clos e t o time t o go home here
In r e g a r d Lo your (me ter ) pror•:ra!l'I ( in your notes that y ou made in
t he auditor ium ) c ould you mo.kc any re commendati on s a s t o the new
make - up ot· th at meter progr am?
I think Ed and I hav e a cormnon -recorrnnend ati on th at we don ' t f l y many
mor e flights in GMI' and elaps e time at t h e s ame t ime .

We ' ve got a

oner al p roblem Lo kinda s ort all this stuff out , and I think we
our~ht Lo r J.v Lhc s

Lhings jn allot. -

time s ... I think that ' s the one

r: i.nv.J e r comm II a1.ion we ' cl muk, Llin.t·. s ands head and shoulders ab ove

J

ot.ber <HILS .

H yond thal,

'f' r,yin t, L

orrel!:d.

t he time is very t ough .

wo uld you say that you c ould make re commendation s as

Lo make - up of Lhe ... hoo ks?
T tho1 ghi. Lhr! 1;ooks -w re 011Lst.andj 1l~~ and I th ink that make - up mod i fie s
t.lli.s sui L Lo c rl. aln wrij te a,, 1.h
I think

way we ought to g o at t hem .

}wy ' re out tandin~r, , too , an , of c ou rse , Ed and I design ed

Lhc.:rn , r.o w<' ' rc p r1:.!11di ~<:d .

llu J[u

l!1c.1. .

4

Belt 19
No , ,1,; a. matter of f act ,

w<: huvr• i.1. 1· . i Et,h t, plarlCl<:r ove:r in U1e spacecraft center .

You roll

Lhr ee limes dur in1~ flight --You roll (when you come down to ) l iftup
f rom the luPnch 1iases which you ho.ve never loo k ed at and about
20 hourc Jal.er 'Ne rolled a round fo r 20 hou r s --I never even got it
Lo 20 (her e )
Jus t part of re- entry we rolled i t around some more and then gave
up 70 hour s .
(We milked some stuff o n it ) .
me , l et me see these hooks .

Storm b ooks are real good.
We have a boo k like thi s .

Excu se

To do any

r eal Lime f'light planning , you have t o have acces s to the --everyLhirw.-- all al once , and you don ' t want to h ave t o get e very some Lhinµ; on a r oller when _y ou ' ve ,<(ot Lo roll t hroup;h i t l ike t his .

If

you want to know what ' s going to happen in 9J hours, you just open
the hook up and turn over t o 9J hours .

Then if y ou want t o compare

tha t with say 40 hour s --you want t o have a comparison t here , you
can ' t f o this on a roller f i l m.

Unless you ' ve got some quick a ccess,

u way of get,tine; that our like y01J had y ou r own sor t of a meteor
rrucr ofilm.
Uid you take notes on your b ook, sir?
Yes, we dj d .

·1 Lli.i.nk one i,hi.n~~

thut we did decide on is that the

l..i.mc-sc:ale:; Lha.t we hu.vc ill our .flight plan here a re- - neith er one

c>l' t,t1cm a:t'c' exactly ri.1<h t.

The ear·l y par t o r the mission was highly

<'xpu.11dc.•<l ; Llw L~1t.Ler _pn.rt was we.she'd down a. J ittle .

I think we have

::l.x '1011 rs p<·r paf'.C in I.he latt,er s U1ge and we ha.ve an hour per p a ge

Belt
in the early s tage .

19

5

I think probably three nours per page or some­

thing l ike that would give us more room t o write the notes .
!Ias tha t book been reprodu ced?

Yes, it has .

Ther e are copies f o r everyone .

L<--:t me a.al< you one her e .

Do you think you c o11l.d hold half a degr ee

1n piLcl't on I.he ni/.~ht hor·i,100 w:l th the radical?
!.lur e .

,Jus L do it on the top of the air glow layer and you ' d have

no t rouble a.Lall .
You wouldn ' t need a filter , or anything .
No .

You <lon ' t want. to make the air go away or any dimmer .

And the

sight i s (clifficult ) as it is and it ' s adequate to use at ni ght .
But t.hen you could Lake pictur es , otherwise .
Take picture:; at. p;unslght,.
Wha1. ,,ere .vou r-;oine; to do when you held thi s '?
'L'he sharp point,, i~; dovm , antl for tunately , it was a crunera now
designed ll.Y Spacecraft .

IL ' s a fl11sh- mounted camera for G'r5 and

diap;onnally , push down the right window , so the camera is l o oking
np Like thi.s .

i:o the spacecraft is on over at an angle like this .

Jt, ' s not u 4-s a1,elliU· camera is ,1haL I 'm s ayi ng .

So while the point

js probably 1~oo<i , I ' d ltatc to sec I.he thin!!. get out that 0 . K. we
can p11ll 011I, t,tlc ~Like .
/\c:t.11;.111 y,
wi L.1 1 11

do 1,1i I.Ji

1.11cr1: ' s
(1

10

, ·11C

I Uke Lhi:' way it ' s certainly designed .

more · Lo i1, than l.11at .

\.lir·o11j.-'J1

t.11<' cxp,: ri.rnc111.

U1c SM.rLi11ct1. L

nnymor c .

The experimenter will go

l.ighL , so Lhis has nothing t o

0 1il.Y one time it did .

/\nd yui1 al :;o tinvc ot.hcr Lho.n JusL a f ipper on the radical you could

3elt 19

€,

hold . . ....... .. . 'l p oin l u ,

et your feeling on calciu m b alan ce comi n g up on the

I ' d l ike to

seven . .... wh a t do y ou think h ow i t will affec t your post - flight .
I don ' t know how it 's g oing t o affect your postflight, but I know
i t ' s r~oing to be a real p roblem.
Lo do .

You ' ve just got a lot of things

Thr!r c a.re a lot of t hinp; s that can ' t be done unt il two

week s b e ·or e the f' .li gh L.
p;ath ct·in .,

I f you r,i;c;t involved in the b it data- ­

x rd ses befor e the

·1 • 1-'. ht , I think that it could indeed

,jeo:pm·d h . 1.hc whole

l i gh t...

of Lho p,;ht LhaL ::;om

of the medi cu.l c :x:aminat ·· a ns that we had should

be inovccl hack ear· Lier .

W

This i s my p e r::;ona1 OJ)i ni on .

had n IJif.'. medi cal

I s ort

examination at FlTA and

that ' s one of those few days we go1. a lot of at.h er thing s that

s h o uld. be Lakin , p lace a nd I car ' 1. see tha t my p hysical condi ti on
changed in the l as t wee k .

Except maybe I got s l eepier .

Bu t I jus t

fe el th at when y o u put all the se Lh ings into the last couple weeks ,
you real l y - - t he guy s t.h at are flyin g the fli ght --have got to get
ready and the r e ' s almost a n ' nfinjte amo nt of work to do .

You just

(~an ' 1. do i. I. ul 7 , a.nd i L you t ake t. i rn e for d ata- g at hering exerci se s,
I sot'\. of f' cc:I

U11.1t. it. .ieop nr i 7.e "'

YOL1 t.hink .v oI I

<·u11 l<l -- u110\.IH: r

cern"n1 i.n

ri 1..;l 1L

I.t i(:

p 11.(· !1, do .voI I U1 i1 il\
r·ont r· ii

t.r1e s u cc ess of t he who l e flight .

q 1H' S1 , ion --Do

wi1 1<1 ow w t.h

tt

y o, th ink i f

you

had a

::wizzle s t .ick arr ang ement f or

c;ou ld t. · l sc.: op,· :;U,cs c o11 ld l ock ont o h ave

bc:t.Lc• r 11ll.cll t.hnn .Y u eou ld with a. r i,v:i<.l mounted c amera

You ' n' talkinl,'; ulJ uL n c on\. r- ol 01 · I.he mounting f or the camera .
A con LroJ

<>I' t,h • pit, r1 ; u conLro I o r th e mm n t, und th

pit ch .

7

Bel t 19
L, Lr1 i r. a. li n I 1. - j

ckd, - :~ >Ck , f. t.yp0 oJ' .)unkhcwl or som<: ,hlng .

rt. ' :; 110I. 1, 1>1,1.l 11nd c H:kcL , bid.

1;1.

p i tch ..... f'o:r ho1ding a pitch

atti -

t.u

Oh ,

or the a i r ~low.

l•'or the ai:r glow

yes .

'l'his 1✓ onld be for on

Wow .

minute phot 1~r t'tph i n g .

T ' d haLe to be u

You mechan j z' l t wiLh n low- speed
Lype J r i v c or

it .

No . Mani ally .

A manual swi vel ,

.le tr oni

dr j v e and a r heostR.t ­

Let ' s d o sound effec t s f or the go od

old
Yeah ...• Elr oy T . V .' s char g i ng , you ' r e not going t o have more t han
20 minute

exposur e o f nie;ht air .

Ha Ha Ha

We ' r e .,afe I.here , ar en ' t

we . Ha Ha Ha

A. swiv I sUck h,re in the right. coming out ; you hav e au thori ty
t.ak ·n on 1, d .lff(•rc•nl, one .

l,urr.v , did

.vu 11 L 11 I k

t.0 Lh m 11b ut l.tw North ern lights below the

I trj c~rl. to .
Oh , exec U.Pn L

. xc I I nt .

I ju:; L cove r .d

fl

.vour <'omm ·n t. s
Yca.ci 11, "'
W(!

l.nol\

w<' .r
'"'On11·

f'ew I it LI(' l.hin g :,; and I

nb o1 1t

surely would 1 i k e to hear

t. I 1e um I would J o ve to ,

Venus .

rc;tl I y imprc• sr;e<l 1-.ri Lh the p l anet Venus up there and
p'ir l 11 r

r;

of' j L nnd

i I. di

c ome

0 11t

with about

½the

Belt 19
ri ll ianc e that it r e ally appears

magnjL de o.nd

a beautiful si ght .

p the r e .

8

It ' s

Afte r the dark up t here , it ' s very b ri l li ant

and mu ch more large as fa r a s I was concerned and brigh t in magni tude than anythjng I ' v e seen looki ng f rom the ground .
( Me r cury) proved v ery, v ery -pretty.
[ be, _yo u r·nugh

a pho .ov,r aph , t o o .

.i st ........ you know a.nd y ou 've jus t --

Yeah,

Yeah , Lhe colors on those Lhingc .
Th

t:,

Di

y 11 , cv r s ,e --

Lar s t.hat w

r ound we r e n ' t

Look. on Lhe

,oo graphi c .

1

1\la ck .
myth ing else?

Was t,her e

Black o.cll;a) y looked beautiful and this :i, s the way the sky l ooks .....
rhe sky 's black ,

t iL ' s a b e autil'ul black background .

1

Bu t that

d oes n ' t come out on the pictur e .
he r a i c al any good in the d a:,y ?

Wa s

( Hasistas )

would be br ' ghter t han it is .

/\b out. Lwice ns bright .
Twicr

You

bri~hL .

ou l J

I f' yo,1

~:t'<'

•t

on t.hc-' !:(.rm nd .

nn ' t. •·c, 11.

n 1.h

c~nus'

Yo1 ,·cHiJcl :.i•c :

j t <m

Lhe lr1nd .

You c·rn I t1 :w,·

j L

t.lw

when .YOl
of

HI

I and

·r·0ss Ltle cros"c)oud

1:in!I

I.hat ' s t he big thing he r .

L11e wat.c:r .

It was

f j ne .

But

1 t. hi11k we oue;ht t o have two r ing s

r · 1•:hLnc:,s .

You know r i ~~ht. now i L' c ve r y brigh !. and just t h - next beat tannic als
look v <·r,y dirn nnd t.hC'n _you ' v<' 1-~o t

t

v;rn,dat · on of dims .

Belt 19 9
thir1k the dim g r adat •i_on is excellent .
th:i nk we nr!ed

11.

l j t1. L. variation of brightness .

[; id you f .i.r d any di ff e rence in the two windows ?

Di d you s e e any

ventieral d ifferenc~ in tho se two windows ·?
We co1lldn ' t, chang

places .

Ha Ha l[a.

he) looked i n his , and t here wasn ' t any way

::iec T l ooked in m•i ne ,

in tile world that we co uld -You
1 o.

ou d '

g et near

enough to st art a ration ?

N . Yo u really can ' I. .

fndepen enL of yo 11r r at.ion .
r:t.11

You ' r

pretty safe to ch e ck your radi ­

hri.p;ht.ncss a.g ulnrt 1,h . bri p:h t <.: lo d right

on the earth .

You know on 1l. brighL day like Lhi:;; .
Shoot , t hey said it was che cked again s t the snowb ank .

You can ' t bank there .

You ' re in trouble .

Un less ,here ' s a ............. .

A couple of Li.mes I was looki ng f or it .
'T'hose wer
0 . K. , 1
uµ .

dirty St . Louis snowbanks . ( snowguns '? )
,hin k ... . .. the more you want to say .

If you ' 11 wrap it

J Lh;i 11k b0L w 'rt tl1 i G mor n i n1.,~ a nd ,Jim and Ed ' s comments this

urtc::r11 )On w,, cu11 t·xl. r o.(:L

v r yl.fl • n1•· we

I 'd I i k., t.o :: a.v '.; rn eth ·· ng .

The~ wn.v

1

Ha Ha Ha

-xperirn •nt :; 1.tn<.J e v , ryon

indicn1.jori

)res nt, ...... .

it l ook s rip:ht nov1

of' them i,: o. t otal

s1

cces s .

you have 11

Ther e i s no

LhaL 1.h r ' s any hine: , nny anomaly and there ' s no indi -

cation that. th r e w· L

be

any anomnly .

Ju st

C r ta i 11 ly 11OLhi1t oper uLion 111 , I me n it ' s
'f'hcrc· ' r: nol. h.i.n~i: uL u U .

Now yo u ' v ' go

!, I m:; , h11L .vn11 r •x1><' . I.C'd Lhnt ·1 ' m !.ol:.; .

a q1ick l ook . ... . ... .

no t operational. ...... .

a cou le of equipment pro­

It was pe r ec

as far as

.
Belt 19

experiments go .
improve it .

'l'here was nothing

10

hat could have bee n done to

This is t he way the guider shows i t ; this is the way

the mock- up ...... .
~ven the experiment you didn ' t have a very successful flight . . Ha Ha Ha .
Well , we ' ve got how many more . ... 8 mor e to go, huh . Ha Ha .
What , ........... .
No , flights .
End of tape .

"'

Notes from the De-Briefing transcript

eteors:
Both cDivitt and
them:

hite

1

tioned seeing a number of rn teors bel w

e sa quite a fe f all end burn up bolo our cltitude .

1hey wore bout

on half to on third as high as re were hen they ere conswn d.
aaw one bove us . 11

{

short

d s if.,'()

As the acco p',nyin..~ plots of numb rs of meteor
p206

. e /n er

a ainst the

onths of thef

r sho s the oun of meteor activity in e rly June is at a r ther lo
*Fig. l(Ro chta plot of Olivier data from S ithsoni n Contrib . t o Astrophys .N
to rioe very hortly alter that to rds ll peak in u ust .
level, b1,.:gdnn
on th average
from
to
altitude
Re rdless of their bri htness/meteors ap or
40 and 60 miles/in the earth 's
sphere. Bri"ht rn toors ares en to reach about 40 miles , rhereas wct8kkx
lar e fireb· lls may still e seen as lo I as 20 miles or so .
Th

ver· ,

hei'.;ht th ou11.hout the ath is

for thos of h h v.locitie .
tr vol further tofore they

iles b for they r

r

ter for f aint r

Actually the hr' ht objects

re conn

r

eteo

nd

lar er and hence

d1 often tr veling fo r sev ral hundr d

consum d.

Planets
The pilot

re rked that"the pl ets or

o clear nd br' ht , 11 nd later

th t 11 a11 the sun"ets h d the plan t in it •" Th y have in f ct r corded Venus
in the oriion bands on one of their sunset pictures .

t thot date V nus Qllbc

as still clos to the sun being (angul r dist;nce·t)Sup. conj . A r.11)

bout 15de •

cast of the sun (eve . star). On the color print S-65-34771 them ge of Venus
can be distictly seen amid the horizon bands .

..

Zodiacal Light
~ Jae Divitt and ,hite ,ere taking 16 rnti. movies

be.fore one 11 capsule da m11
it u

DK1u:d;i1Q5

when they noic d ttie zodiacal light and described

thus , "it was a shaft of light and a long tine before the sun came up. 11

On the ,round observ rs can note tho cone tot light in the eastern sky or

•
western sky after the sun has set and gone down about 18 de~~ ( about and hour
after sunset or an hour before sunri e.) Pilots t 40,000 feet o~n follo it for
a lon1er span since they are , rray from disturbing city lights •

Condition of tho ii.do

\
\

\

The G....n rlni optical window is quite superior to tho Jrcury indo,,.

None-

~

the less the pilots note that 11 both their windows ere fog YJ"

nd at one

point durin~ EVA ,hite :rubbed his sleeve accid nt·-lly on JirllSs, ~dow

smud~~na
-~-o it - probably parti lly rcmvlinr the silicon ·D.m.

-

.

~

• I

l :3

G
y

MEASURE REL STATIC CHARG L
TAP · PLYBACK
3-1, 4-1 UPOAT S

1~40

BLOOD PRESSURE (P)

EGRESS PREPARAT IO~
U NS l"OW A r-..~D I,,\ TTACH
UMBJL)CAL
Y FITTING·~
EMER Oz PACK

1 ~ 50

B
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MANEUVER UNl
CAMERA

w
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- 2:00
ALIGN PLATFORM
NULL REL VEL

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2: 10

A

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2:20

e. .e. •

f;. BL OOD PRESSURE (C)

3: S-'f
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fl-f-b_,, ~
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COMM

~

CHECK

/ GO/ ~FOR EVA

/

I 11""

I

2:30

_c)!.v---(
DEPRESSURI ZATION

2:40
MAINTAIN PRIMARY O PRESS
WITH MANUAL HEATER 2 (850 - 925 PSIA)

2:10

C
T
N

CLOSE WITH BOOSTER
H

A

OPEN HATCH
3:00

AND
STAND UP

w

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3:00

EG RESS S/C

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3:10

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CLOSE HATCH
REPRESSURIZE S/C

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3:20

ALIGN PLA FORM
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3:30

C

SEPARATION AV .-5 FT /SEC
3:40

COMPLETE INGRESS
CHECKLIST

I

p

J

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f T
A
N

N

3:50.G

H

4:00

~

D/T TAPE PLYBK
MEDICAL DATA
PASS TYPE 1

4: 10

4:20

D/T TAPE PLYBK
4:80

MEDICAL
DATA PASS
TYPE 2

T

I

6:00

~

INITIATE TERMINAL REND PHASE

A

MEASURE ll.V REQ ID
G
y
T M

6:10

E
X C
N

-

i

6:20

6: 30

V
A
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CLOSE WITH BOOSTER
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING APPROACH

T

INCREASE SEPARAT ON WITH
BOOSTER PRIOR TO DARKNESS

rn

6:40

N

p
R

6: 50

E

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G
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7:00

7; 10

7:20

GO/NO GO FOR AREA 18-1
- 7:30

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4: 30

4:40

MANEUVER UPDATE
4: 50

G
- y
T M
E
X C
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V
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5:00

~

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c~vf".

5: 10

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CLOSI NG AV ~ 13 FT/ SEC

N

5:20

A
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5: 30
T
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5:40
ALIGN PLATFORM

5:50

D/T TAP PLYBACK

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:00

MON TOR BOO TE RELEV

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~. ."J

7;3u
0/T TAPE PLYBK

7:40
MANEUVER UPDATE

7:50

8:00
ALIGN PLATFORM

8: 10
N

I

SEPARATION AV .- 5 FT/ SEC

8:20
SEXTANT BOOSTER/STAR
OBSERVATION

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

FLASHING ,GHT EVAL.

p
R
T
A
N

G

H
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NOMINAL GT-4 TRANSLATIONAL MANEUVERS

HP/HA
Point of
Application

AV

SECO +30

5

After
Maneuvers

Direction
of Thrust

Translational
Thruster

Posigrade

Aft

SIC-Booster Separation

Purpose

5

86/153

Retrograde

Aft

Station-Keep on Booster

5

88/154

Posigrade

Fwd

S/C - Separation

99 min. later
(5:12) 4th Rev

12.5

82/153

Retrograde

Aft

Rendezvous Maneuver
(Start intercept

76 min . later
(6:28) 5th Rev

21

86/150

Posigrade

Various

106 min: later
(8:14) 6th Rev

12

93/150

Posigrade

Aft

Beginning of
3rd Rev (3:33)

·1

l,5th or 16th Re]
30th Rev

}

25-30

45th Re v
62nd Re v
( or 66th Rev~':)

+llO

Terminal Phase/Braking
Orbital Lifetime Adjust - ,5 days
*~'rAdjust lifetime - 4 days

Various

Adjust lifeti me -

3

days

Ad just lifetime - 2 days
Aft

Lifetime Adjustments will be minimum requiried
~·: For Pacific landing
+ If available

1"':

I

!
-1

Achieve OAMS Retrofire

0:00
A NCH

0: 10

SEC0+30 S/C SEP-5 FT/SEC
NULL REL VEL- 5 FT /SEC (340 FT SEP)
Y-AW 180°
2-1 UPOAT
INSERTION CHECKLIST

C
N
B V
D

A

ALIGN PLATFORM
COMM. CH CK

CNTL MODE CK

0:20

0:30

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DUMP LAUNCH DAY U INE BAGS
.SUlT Nr£GR-ITY CHECK

CH-E-CI'- A

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0

BIAS

rn

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WITFI 13UOSTER

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UNSTOW 'CAMERAS

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H
T

1:00

1; 10

rn
l: 20

CLOS · WITH BOOSTER
l :30

ESTABLISH FORMATI ON FLIGHT PROCEDURE
FCk EVA 'P'ASS BASED ON BOOSTER ANGULAR
RATES

m
M

I

Dr . J . B. BlijfMf,R • Meta llurgy

DE VER R SEARCH INSTITUTE
UNIV RSITY OF DENVER
ox 87. 6, Denver, Colorado 80210

\

Cf!- Lf
,

P:1/~

~ - kl--,__ - Rik-

f

Astronauts Track Missile in Space
In 'Typical Day' Aboard Gen1ini 5
By Howard Simons

and appeared to have mas- man missile from Vandenberg
tered the temperature-regu- Air Force Base in California.
HtOULSTOGN, dAug.C24-ASlJro- lating mechanism, which was 'Ihe 65-foot Minuteman was
'
nau s . or on ooper r. . .
th
e chills and launched at 12:37 a.m. (EDT), ~
and Charles Conrad Jr. g1vmg them
spotted, tracked and photo- c_auslng then:i to shiver, par- as part of a missile combat
graphed a Minuteman inter- tlcularly durmg sleep.
crew training mission. Shortly
continental ballistic missile AS t ronaut Ja_mes McDivitt after the ICB 1 was off the ~
.
launched from California to- ~alled ~t a "typical" day, durday as their Gemini 5 space- mg which the astronauts were pad Conrad spotted it. .
craft orbited the earth.
catching up with their experi- The Minuteman was flying t
"I see it, I see it!" Conrad ments. Some of these were a path 155 statute miles north
shouted
as
the
missile succ"ssful; Others were not. of Gemini 5' path. The point 1
streaked through space on its Cooper had repaired his of closest approach to the 1
way to a watery target in the faulty reticle, or gunsight, spacecraft was 201 miles. At
Pacific.
which helped the astronauts the time Conrad and Cooper 1
For two minutes the astro- better to pinpoint targets in tracked the missile, they were 1
nauts watched the Minuteman. space .and on the ground. 125 miles above the earth'sc; surConrad took six pictures of Hence, they took a beat-sens- face.
1
it. At the same ti~e, an _in- ing measm:emenJ of the star Questions Rai ed
1
!rared or heat-sensmg device Deneb, which they were un1
recorded the kind and amount able to do the day before. The The fact that the hcat-sensof heat being emitted by the astronauts also have photo- ing measurements and the
solid-fueled ICBM-a thousand graphed the mysterious zodia- photographs of Minuteman
of which constitute the bulk cal light, which is thought to and other targets are being •
of America's strategic nuclear be a backscattering of light conducted for the J:?efense De•
punch.
from dust orbiting the earth. part~ent has raised some
Conrad and Cooper con.
.
questions here.
tinue to circle the earth in Trouble m Spotting
The problem, essentially,
their fourth day. They have Attempts to see giant 2000x seems_ to be th_is:
already been granted permis- 2000-foot eye charts on the ~a!,i~nal policy h:is cast the
sjon to continue their journey ground near Laredo Tex activities of the National Aerofor anoU1er day and Gemini have been less successful. Ai: 11:aut~cs and Space ~dministraojficials see no current prob- though they could see smoke tio~ m a peaceful light. _Great
lems that might foreshorten from smoke pots set out to care h~~ been taken to divorce
an eight-day mission. If all help t!lem pinpoint the Laredo th e m~li~3!Y aspects of space
goes well, the astronauts will charts, they first missed the from ci~illan program, notably ,
pass the four-day mark at charts altogether and then saw sp;ie f/;t~t e:~orr
.
r o u g h 1 y 10 a.m. •(EDT) two that they misidentified. .
e n
m ormat10n beth
Wednegday.
More visible to the orbiting mg ~a ered by Cooper a~d
"
"
"
. .,
sightseers were contrails from Con~ad. does have po~~nbal
Dull and Typical
three airplanes near Jackson- application for the nuhtarr.
Today was variously de- ville, Fla., "and all the streets The challenge, t~erefore, 18
· l" i·n 1·t (J acksonv1-11 e), an d th e Whether
them"lit
Nat10n •should
sen"bed a~ "du ll"
, ''typ1ca,
preclude all
tT
and "busy "
Cape (Kennedy) and all the
.
. i ary sei_en 1 ic
•
d
t l\". •.,
and engmeermg expenments
Flight Surgeo_n Ch a r le s way own o ~m~u.
from ASA's activities
Berry charactenzed the day But the experiment that
•
as "dull,'' which he explained caused the most excitement
Chronology of astronauts'
is "a good day" medically. was the successful tracking by fourth, day in orbit.
Page AIO.
The astronauts were "alert" the astronauts of the MinuteWashllliton Po• t Slat! Writer

i

f

°

y

Water Excess Forces Cut in Gemini's Power

THE WASHINGTON POST Thur5dar: ~~'· 26, 1965 All

ical Storm Doreen in the Pa•
cific as an experiment for the
111 a Washlnc to n Post sta.H Writer Conrad will have been in tinuously, ran out of gas. Just astronauts are expected to the skin sensors in his suit Conrad was told to get some Weather Burea~
.
HOUSTON, Aug. 25 - A space longer than any other how much this reduces the land in the Atlantic Ocean were more irritating than the sleep.
The 66th or~, ~:h b~a:
at 5:2: Ptn;·:02 ~ th w68fh
new problem aboard the Gem• human. When the astranauts value of the experiment is not off Bermuda at 10:27 a.m. bear~. "~ete's ~pressure) ,cuffs
ini 5 s~aft and a new pass Cosmonaut Valery F. yet known.
Sunday.
are 1tchmg him a lot,' he 65th Orhit-3 :50 p.m. ~nnina t 8_36
e tly
noted.
.
Bykovsky's 1963 endurance Discussing another medical
egi
g _a • •. apparen
Amer1can.--t11an-in-space record record of 119 hours, it will also matter Dr. Berry said there Round-by-Round Story
. 9 29
Cooper photographed Trop• were relatively quiet.
~o~inatef tooay's orbital ac- ~ark the first time that Am_er- was absolutely no concem over Of Gemini. 5 Flight
61st Orbit- :
a.m.
tivities fl astronauts L. Gor• 1ca has wrested a ma3or the fact that apparently only
Cooper and Conrad watched
ar.:
HOrJ_STON, Aug. 25_ (UPI) the firing of a. rocket sled at
don Cooper Jr. and Charles manned space flight record one astranaut has had a bowel
Conrad JJ'.
from Russia.
movement over the last four Here is a chronological OC· Holloman Air Force Base,
Too much nondrinking wa- There were these other days of flight. Indeed, accord- coun! ?f the activities of the N.M. "There it goes, we see
ter is t,dng produced by Gem- highlights today:
ing to Dr. Berry, the astronauts Gemini 5 Astronauts:
it!" cried Conrad. "We could
ini's fut1 cell ,and threatens to • Cooper and Conrad saw could maintain their present
.
see it very well, we were right
flood the power-producing and recorded a second Min- regimen for eight days with- 56th, 57th Orbits
on the money with the track•
No voice contact was estab- ing," Cooper reported. Th e
cell. --To stem the flow of ex• uteman intercontinental bal• out ill effect.
lished with the spacecraft dur· astronauts used infrared decess water, Gemini officials listic missile fired from Cali• Fu 1 C 11 P bl
decided to reduce the amount fornia . They also saw and ree e
ro em
ing its 16th orbit, which begao tection devices to measure ra•
of J:!(>Wet used by the astro· corded a rocket sled test at As for the f~el . cell wat~r at 1:30 a.m., and during the diation from the rocket's en•
nauts fot experiments.
Hollomon Air Force Base in PI"?blem, what is mvolved is 57th the ship's track took it gine.
out of range of most of the
Flight Director Christopher New Mexico. And, after sev- this:
62d Orbit-II :03 a.m.
Columbus Kraft does not re- eral previous and unsuccess• Fuel cells convert oxygen tracking stations.
gal'd the problem as serious. ful attempts, they got a good and hydrogen gases into elec•
.
.At the begmnlng of the or•
The asta-onauts still will be look at the aircraft carrier tricity, heat and water. The 58th Orbits
able to orbit for eight days. Lake Champlain.
more power the fuel cell is With both astronauts awake, bit, Cooper _and Con~ad
They still will be able to per• "I can see her turning big- asked to produce, the more Gemini Control at Houston re• spotted the i::craft ~arri~r t I•
stellJ!Ung m
form their planned experi- ger than heck,'' was the way of these byproducts it pro- layed a long list ef experi- ~ake C':13mp
ments. What will be limited Conrad put it.
duces.
ments for them to perform. circles in the Atlantic near
in the remaining days of the • The astronauts took some Similarly, lesser demands Cooper reported that the tight Ber.muda. At the end of the
flight are extra experimen~ pictures of Cuba. "Just scenic for electricity mean lesser schedule was still hampering o~it, they wat~h~d a second ~,, ,
that might have been added shots," said Cooper. They also amounts of water and heat, performance of experiments. Minuteman m1ss1le. launch
to the space flight plan.
photographed cloud patterns, too. This is why the Gemini
from Va~denberg Air Force
thunderstorms and, on request officials have taken a "con- 59th Orbit--6:19 a.m. Base, Cahf. They were unab~e
New Space Record
.
of tsU.St.hWeat?edrtBurheautoscienh- servative" approach and or- "We would like to request ~f tracdk thed.roctiket dont tht_eir
; The new record established tis • ey tr1e . o P o grap dered the estrona)lts to use that we keep everything to a m r~ ra ia on e ec ion
by Cooper and Conrad rough- the eye of tropical ~rm Do- less power.
minimum in the evenings," equipment.
\
ly at noon (EDT) today, in reen rou_~hly 200 miles south Because the fuel cell water Cooper told fellow astronaut Conrad repor_ted .~e s!eP,~ \
G-emini 5's 62d orbit, bested o\Haw~:i- f ·1a a·
f rt is poor in color and taste Elliot M. See Jr. "We, for six hours last mght m bits. f
that for duration of an Ameri•
n spi e O nu . !scorn ° and high in acid, it is being some reason, are havin,J trou- 63d Orb" -12 •38
, .
can space-flight
brought on by 1tchmg, con- used to press upon a plastic bl 1 · " H
id
I
It
•
p.m. ,
•
tinued cold a d sleepless
e s eepmg.
e sa no se
n
bladder containing the astro- from the experiments posed a Cooper made the flight sur•
The old 11" e cord was set .
geon's heart flip by remarking
early in June by astronauts nights, , Cooper . a~~ Conrad naut's normal drinking water problem.
onchalantly, "We feel much
James A: McDivitt and Ed· were sind ~ ~. m ex.tremely supply._ But the fuel cell is
ward 1,Vh1te who stayed aloft go~d co~dition by K.taft and producmg more water than 60th Orbit-7:54 a.m. better since we got our suits
for 97 hours and 37 minutes, chief flight surgeon Charles desire~ an~ official~ fear :.f Gemini Control relayed oon off." The surgeon quickly
From the Control center Berry:
the situation contmues, a gratulations to Cooper from realized Coo~r was joking.
here, McDivitt radioed the Relief for some of Conrad's back-pressure could result and his wife Trudy on passing the Oonrad was a]low~d to remove
total space flight record of 119 some inflatable pressure cuffs
orbiting astronauts:
itching cam~ when h~ ~sked flood ~1;1t ~e fuel. c~ll.
"Let me be the first to con- for and r~ce1ved perm1~s1on to Anticipating a suntlar prob- hours 6 minutes, counting his around his thighs. lie said
gratulate you on setting a new cut the t!ght pneumatic cuff~ le~ ?n longer flights, Geminl artier orbital flight.
they "itch pretty bad" an a
American record for manned around his thighs. Tb~ expel'l- ~ffm~ls already ~re develop- Bad weather over Laredo ere not working anyway.
spacecraft."
mental cuffs were designed to mg filters that will make the ex forced cancellation of a;
An even more impressive counter the effects of weight- fuel cell water dean and tast est·, on this pass of whether
th Orbit-2: 13 p.m.
record will fall to the two lessness on the cardiovascular for drinking.
e astronauts could spot huge Cooper reported he and
Americans at about 9 a.m. system. But the ~ower supply Finally, Gemini officials . eye charts on the ground. onrad had completed all of
Thursday. .
for the_ cuffs, which automati• nounced tod~y. tha~ barring Cooper reported that he had the day's assigned experiAt that time Cooper and cally tighten and relax con- unforseen difficulties, the seven hours of sleep. He said mcnts except one. The space•
:==;;;;:;;=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;..================;- his beard was itching, but that craft was powered down and

fi

j

I

1la\1ari'an
RESTAURANT J ..

Celebrari,, y~ '
727 11tt,,.

f

] 0 Fednudoy, Au,. 25, 1965 THE

HowItWenton Gemini's4thDay
On thew Gemini 5 spa.ceflight 11eaterda11, Aatronauts
t . Gordon Coopff Jr. and
Charl'1s Conrad Jr. sighted a
Minuteman launching and
repaired an important sighting q,tem aboard their craft.
Following i., a chronological

43d Orbit--4:50 a.m.

landmarks near Dallas was The astronauts said they
The spacecraft made contact abandoned because of a cloud took about six photographs of
with the Camarvan, Australia cover ov1.>r the target area, but th fl.yin rocket
d
ad
tracking station and flight ot>'. the astronauts insisted on try. e
g
an m e
server Chuck Lewis g
th Ing the experiment later. infrared measuremenw of Its
astronauts landing /ve
"We're going to pick a good exhaust plume.
ment data
an expcr • site somewhere over the U • Conrad a~ spotted Hollo•
and get it because we're all man Air Forte Base, .M., and
account. 111 compiled from
th Orbil-6:27 a.m. ri~~i~r !!;~~nr:e'!x,S::!i a
w~~1J°!:r
!'ews di,pntches,. with . times
With both astronauts wide few minutes later the men As they ended the Ol'blt, the
1n Eaitcnt Da11light Tune.
awake and the spacecraft pass- were able to get a picture of astronauts had their radar
_.n.L Orbit
12 •05
ing o~er the United States, a ship west of Bennuda.
trained on Cape Kennedy and
....,._..
•
.m. Gemini Control at Houston rereported they were able to
The palr drifted qUletly lnto layed instrument readings and 4 7th Orbit-11: 12 a.m. keep in touch with ~ Cape
the 40th orbit with Conrad ecrew.
periment directions to the As Gem In1,.., approac hed Ca•l longer than expected.
a leep. Dr. Duana Catterson at This exchange between com• lfom!a, a Minuteman missile 48th Orbit-12:47 p.m.
Gemini Control in Houston municator David Scott an was fired from Vandenberg Ir
reported the astroriauta bad astronaut. and Conrad 'took Force Base. Calif.
Cooper and Conrad zeported
At an altitude of' 125 miles, they were getting "•om e
place·
consumed 13 pounds of water Se~tt-"Okay. You look real Cooper and Conrad got a fine strange readouts" from their
each, "pretty nearly an optl· good here on the ground. Do view.
on-board computer. Officials
mum curve for water intake" you have any questions on the Conrad: "I see it, l see it ... said the signals were not a
• experiments?"
Hey Gordo! Right through that cause of "major concern." but
I Orbit-I :38 a.m.
Conrad-"No. I'd say we got bole In the clouds. There be would be watched closely.
l
a full day J hope we can get goes, bigger than heck."
Cooper and Conrad finally
Conrad continued sleeping them all· done. How's the Cooper: "Yeah, we saw him spotted the checkerboard eye
sound]y and only one contact we-ather back there in Hous- going •way out above us."
chart laid out near Laredo,
was made wltb ground track- ton?"
The Minuteman, climbing in Tex.
Ing station during the orbit.
Scot&-"Oh, It's real nice. a high suborbital arc, came
•
42 d Orb ,.......3 • 14
Just hot and sunny as usual. within 200 miles of Gemini 5, 9th Orbit-2 .22 p.m.
D
it
• a.m. No rain in particular. Just Space Agency officials said. Space off I c i a Is on the
The quietest orbit or the once in a whUe a little thunder- Conrad reported he sighted ground noted Cooper sounded
night thus far, in terms of storm."
the Minuteman 10 seconds "Just a wee bit tired." He was
space. to. ground communicaonrad-"Rog.''
after launch when it had given a long updating on the
Uon. For a '70-minute period
tt-"Say, we've noticed pierced the overcast. The Min- flight plan and waa told to
the spacecraft was out of voice that the temperature up there uteman peaked at an altitude watch for the Kilauea volcano
contact range. Conrad was still is a little cooler than we ex• of 575 miles and headed down in Hawaii on the next orbit.
asleep and Cooper bad a meal. pectcd. How's your comfort?" the Air Force western test The astronauts hoped to measCooper aaid he had reassemonnd-"Cold, We a.re tak• range over the Pacific Ocean ure the Intensity or infrared
bled a defective reticle "and It ing the inlet hoses off' our to hit a mythical targel
radiation from the volcano.
worts fine," The reticle ls a suits every once in a while to
sighting device necessary for warm up. It has been quite
tbe success of a number of cold."
Gemini 5 experiments.
Chief Flight Director Chrl •
topher Kraft Jr. said good
t
morning to the astronaut and
told them, "You are doing a
good job up there."
Conrad-"l'll tell you one
thing, Mr. Krall Gordo' beard
is white.
Kraft-''A Rip an Winkle,
eh?"
Conrad: - "Nope, Santy
Claus."
Cooper-"Boy, putting those
two coolant loops in the circuit
really cooled it down. We both
have been sitting here shivering for the last few hours."
Kralt--"Tum the valve to
warm and it ill shut off the
flow completely. We will monitor on the ground and let you
know lf it gets too cool"

f

e:e

I

==========:__-::-

45th Orbit-8:03 a.m.
Cooper bad a meal consisting
of orange dnnk. spaghetti and
meat, butterscotch pudding,
touted brea:t cubes and cbeeee
sandwiches. He said he saw
three airplanes approaching
Jacksonville, Fla. He and Con•
rad saw smoke signals sent up
near Laredo, Tex., to help them
find a huge pattern of white
gypsum )aid out on the ground,
but the)ll could not see the pattern. Fellow astronaut James
McDivitt told the men they
could go at leut 82 orbits.

46th Orbit-9:35 a.m.
An attempt to photograph

f::!:'.

I

A6

Tuwlay, .lag. 24, 1965

THE WASHI lGTON POST

Staking of Claims
On Moon Ruled Out

GEMINI-From Page Al

Gemini MakesPrecision Maneuvers

A•OOCl&ted Press

HOUSTON, Tex., (AP)-Dis- semble deodorant pads and
f
1 th
posal of body waste is no prob- ace c O s.
.
The pads are treated with a
lem on the space trip of astro- nontoxic disinfectant that has
looks very good for eight days prove useful to the military
nauts L. Gord0n Cooper- Jr. no odor but does clean and is
and there is nothing that says for sate 11 it e inspection in
and Charles Conrad Jr.
lint-free.
A plastic bag with a new- Cooper and Conrad will reit shouldn't."
space.
style adhesive lip is used for semble grizz_led ~ld prospectors
In a mishap on the ground, The radar evaluation pod,
trouble developed in a com- which was to have played a
collection of feces The adhe- because scientISt s have_ not
putcr memory system at Gem- significant role in a Gemini 5
sive provides a se~ure attach• fou_nd a way to get rid of
ment to the body.
whiskers.
ini 5 mission control late to- rendezvous attempt on Satur_, . ected
day, but was cleared up with- d. ay, 1·s -..xp
, to plunge
A germicide inside the bag
•
in 11 minutes.
mto the ~arth s . ~tmosph~re
prevents the formation of bac- Fa1"nt1"ng Possible
t .
d
.
.
and a fiery d1smtegration
eria an gas.
The f3:ilure m the memory during the .evening of Aug. 26.
syste~ did not adversely :affect Today, Gemini officials indi. After use, soiled items, toilet At Orbits' End
tissues and ,a wet towel are
the fhght. It developed m the cated that if they knew on
in rolled
the bag,
tnen
histo_rical. data dru_ms,
placed
is sealed,
andwhich
stowed
in A B O A RD USS L A KE
d 1 whichf Saturday what they know
empty food container spaces. CHAMPLAIN AT SE~, Aug.
provide mstant 1sp ays o now it might have been posflight trends.
sible to have carried out their
The bags will be brought 23 (UPI)-The physician for
After the problem was original rendezvous plans with
back to earth for analysis.
the Gemini 5 astronauts
solved, personnel, who had the small pod.
Urine is disposed 01 with an aboard the recovery carrier
.
•.
calculated lost data manually, Since Saturday, ground tests
adaptation of the relief tube
programmed the trends into have shown that would have
system currently used in mili- Lake ~ham~~am . s~!d , today
there 1~ a possibility they
the drums. The drums store been possible with the amount1---,---------- tary fighter planes.
flight information for 12 hours, of oxygen available on SaturTooth-brushing is just that. may famt when they leave
The brush hangs on the space- t~eir capsule at the end o!
then are erased.
day. What the officials did not Venus H e a t
The failure occurred at 6:23 know at that time was when
craft interior by means of the eight days.
.
material used as fasteners O-ll Dr. Howard Mmners said
p.m. (EST) during the 37th the falling pressure in the
orbit.
oxygen would stabilize, if at H e ' J Caused
golf gloves and women's. they might experience the
As for the astronauts, their all.
UI,
purses
faintness a pe~son feels who
day was filled with experi- Nonetheless Gemini offiThere is no toothpaste on has been bedridden for some
Snowfall
board so the astronauts squirt time and first gets to his feet.
ments, sightseein~ from space, cials obviously are delighted
their 'mouths full of water, "The treatment is simple,"
and some complamt.
with their ma1reshift simulated
,
·
""\'. d
brush and swallow.
said Minners. "Lie down." He
Coopers Complaint
rendezvous carried_ out to_ ay. BLACKSBURG, Va., A.ug. Washing after each of the called the faintness "orthoThe complaint came from It involved making believe 23 (AP)-Venus, the --red hot day's four meals is done with static hypertension'.)>
NASA Photo from ttPI
Cooper. In a brief flare-up of tha~ an Ag_ena. rocket was aL planet between the earth and wash pads and towels that re- - - - - - = : - - : : - - = ; - - - - - Mrs. Charles Conrad Jr., accompanied by
and gets a first-hand view of the progress irritability, the normally la- a given po~nt m space-act~- the sun, is almost as hot on
West Va.
of her husband's flight aboard the Gemini conic astronaut said the flight ally the pomt a real A~ena is its "black side"-the side away - - -- - - - - · - - - her father, Winn DuBose, sits in the view•
5 spacec:raft.
planners were not giving the expected. to be at. d~rmg tJ:ie from the sun-as its lighted
Ing booth behind Gemini Control Center
- - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - -- -- - - -- - - - - - - - - - -~ - - - astronauts enough time to get f<;>rthcommg ~emmi 6 mis- face, and it is kept hot by
their chores done. "We can't sion. Then, usmg !adar data snowfalls, a Johns Hopkins
get the equipment put to- !~~dsg!~~:~;;~~o~,mi~~~: U:?iversity theoretical physig_ether and torn apa:t by the instructing Cooper and Con- cbt speculated today. . .
ti~e they are putting these rad to maneuver on four dif- . Dr. John Strong, a pioneer
thmgs ,,<th~ experiments) to- ferent occasions during three m balloon telescope ast~ongether, said Cooper.
revolutions around the earth. omy. dropped this cunous
Report on Sightings
item into the scientifi<:. pot on
How Craft Was Maneuvered the first day of Virginia Tech's
As for the sights, ~he astron- What Gemini officials as- fifth annual space conference.
Following is the chronol- for the pilot (roughly six banter turned into an imogy of the Gemini 5 $pace quarts eaoh). I'm just getting promptu variety act with this auts rep?rted seeing their sumed was that the Agena The co:nference is devoted to
flight of Astrona1otts L. Gor- ready to eat Meal Co,arlie."
exchange between the capsule home temtory of Houston, and was in an elliptical orpit whose "the exploration of Mars and
don Cooper Jr. and Chari.es
and Houston:
nearby Clear and Ta~lor high point and low point were Venus."
Conrad_ Jr., compiled from 30th Orbit-8:14 a.m.
l\IcDivitt: "You sure do talk Lakes. They also saw Florxd a. about 210 and 141 miles re- Strong described for 250
th e Bahamas and Cuba.
news dispatches.
The astronauts reported that a lot."
. spcctively. To effect a near scientists the instrumentation
: ~u; the!e wf ~ 1 t.::Y did rendezvous wiith the imaginary and techniques of the NovemShortly after midnight Sun- each had slept a t~tal of about Conrad: "Say again."
day Gemini 5 had completed 10 hours since the :llight began McDivitt: ''I said you sure ~~ th!erau~t• ::ti:le. M:~de Agena the as~ronauts _had to ber,_ 1964, bal_loon. 8:5Ce~t pro24 orbits and 38 hours of its at 10 a.m. Saturday. The do talk a lot"
f
1 Y as
1 ed maneuver their craft mto an ducmg the 1dentif1cation of
121 - orbit 190. hour scheduled oxygen pressure, at more than C
d "\V.h t d
t ~r exfamp e_. wraft caarnp·eannand orbit with high and low points ice crystals in the atmosphere
100 pounds, was up 10 pound s
onra
v1ew o an aaire
r
t d : . • ,, a o you wan
?" destroyer·
star called Denub
of 193 an d 124 m1·1es abo ve the of Venus. Wa ter vapor h ad
voyage. '
from the previous day and 40 me O 0 , sm., you a song·
.'
. .
• earth.
been discovered on a 1959 bal1
• tS t
M n-v·tt· "Th'nk
and a Mmuteman m1ss1le sent
l
fli ht
1. you can?"
25th Or bi• t -12 : 15 a.m. pounds f rom th
. e ow pom a • ' c 1 1 ;,
·,, aloft from Cape Kennedy, After four maneuvers, in- oon g ·
Gemini Control at Houston urd aY when it appeared that Cooper: He smgs off key. which though not planned to eluding an orbital plane He speculated that a 120concluded that Conrad's hus- the misSiOn might have to Conrad: (in a singsong) be viewed by the orbiting as- change of roughly 1-50th of a mile-an-hour wind on the face
ky voice resulted from lack splas~ down P;ematurely after "Over the ocea?,. ove~ ~he tronauts, was the object of degree, Gt'.mini 5 virtually of Venus drags the i«:e crystals
of sleep and not from any the sixth orb~t. Con~ol gave blue, here's Gemm1 5 smgmg their attention as they passed achieved the high and low around to the back side, there,
points desired.
presumably, to become the
serious throat condition. Dr. the cap_sule ~ structions for to you. (Pause) Well, I'm going roughly 1000 miles away.
In spite of their difficulties An orbital p I a n e change "warming snowfall."
Duane Catterson said it had perform':°g a simulated ren~ez- back to talking."
"not affected his ability to 1usn wi;h a ~:ke • believe McDivitt: "Get you a job in viewing the world around works this way:
.
Dr. Strong told the engithe 32d with the Houston Astros."
perform." Cooper continued thge ah 3~~et b't
them, Cooper and Conrad are The plane of every orbit cuts neers, teachers and researchto catch up on sleep.
roug
or is.
At 11:18 a.m. control told doggedly performing as many through the earth's center. ers from universities, space
31st Orbit-9•47 am the spacemen they could go at of the 17 medical, engineering Most of these orbits are with exploration cotnp·anies and
26th Orbit-I :48 a.m.
. .
•
• • least until the 47th orbit or and scientific experiments as reference to the Equator. The government that man's curpossible.
angle the plane makes to the rent knowledge of Venus owes
Conrad tried several simple The mission passed the two- until about noon Tuesday.
ex eriments ~ the capsule day_ mark•.The a$tronauts
Equator iS its inclination. as much to "Gulliverian specp~sed over central Asia agam complamed of the work- 32d Orbit-II :21 a.m. Pod Heat Measured
Through the use of propulsion, ulation" as to documented reCooper woke up and Conrad load .0rde:ed by Gro~nd C<;>n- The astronauts powered up· Indeed, today an Air Force spacecraft can alter that incli- search.
began a long sleep. Ground trol m thlS conversation ~!th their equipment and executed spokesman reported that the nat~on a!ld, hence, change Later this year, he said, another balloon carrying equipControl said the flight "looked astir~naut James_ A. McD1v1tt, the first of four blasts from astronauts had recorded more their orbital pJane.
an hour
of rad1·at1·on data·•
· laboratory is
·
m ssion communicator at Hous- their maneuvering rockets to than
real good."
ton·
.
.
ment from his
.
c·ooper: "You might have a change their orbit and bring infor~ation on the_ amount Police Reinforced
~xpected_ to bring back more
27th Orbit-3:31 a.m. little talk with the flight plan them into theoretical rendez- and kmd of heat emitted both
mformation on the character• began along the ning people. They're filling us• vous with
• the phantom Agena, by dobjects
and manAfter Ramleh Attack istics of Venus •
The orbit
b. of nature
.
d
west coast of South A~eri~a just a little bit too full We whose track was being pro\~u~Jts-m space an on
Reurers
He told the conference the
near the equator. While his can't get the equipment nut to- grammed by a ground com- 0 g
• d b. t .
TEL AVIV A
R . automated, unmanned baloon
23
companion remained in a gether and torn apart in. the puter. By comparing the lat- . ne man-ma e O Jee in par, ug_. - em- is much preferable to the
11i::!i:r:Ja~u- :oure~ ~e iowns~p 0 : :am~ manned vehicle; _also that a
deep sleep, Cooper made con- time they're putting these ter "."i~h the actual track of ;~1~!:\i~e
Gem1m 5, Control would later
'
.
. Y oure
e wons P O
11:ID balloon gondola is never an
tact with the Canary Island things together."
tracking station and con- McDivitt: "Okay. Gordo, I'll estimate the closeness of the th~ aStranauts for its heat Sig- leh,thwhere a ckrodwdt~f JeAwishb easy base from which to fix on
ducted a successful purge of take a check on that
I simulated linkup.
naTuhre. A. F
k
you ts atttac de
e
ra and track a planet like Venus.
th· k
f h t1· h. •1·
e 1r orce spo esman quar er yes er ay.
D Di k B
di t
the fue1 ce11 oxygen and hv
.,- m one O t e ig t Pan.
noted from a preliminary an- The youths attacked the
r.
c
rouwer, rec or
dro~en_ systems. He aso made ning problems, ~ordon, is 33d Orbit-12 :56 p.m. alysis that it gave off roughly Arabs after the funeral of a of Yale University o~ervapenod1c chec~ on _electx:on that the weather 1s not too Cooper and Conrad per- as much heat as had been an- Jewish youth killed on Friday tory, spoke on the orbits of
in a collision between his mo- Mars and Venus.
and ion flux mteracbon with ?"ood todal-'., so they are tr~- formed two more rendezvous ticipated.
the spacecraft.
mg to . stick them (exper1- ~aneuver:s. The command This is the first time that a torcycle and a taxi driven by He was aske~ by report~rs
28 I1 O b1't-5 •05
ments) m where,, they have p1lot spot~ed a ~uge cheeker- space object has been studied an Arab. Some 12 Arabs were about speculation about life
t
r
•
a.n~. good weat~er • • •
board design laid out on the in this manner by Americans injured in the attack. Police on Mars.
Coo Per ate a substan~al Cooper : Yeah, w~ll some of ground near Laredo, Tex., as from space. Such infrared or said today they had arrested "Cross it off," he answered
meal of concentrates of chick• these - • • were Just bang, a test of the astronauts' abil- heat-sen.sing devices could 22 of the youths.
with a laugh.
en and gravy, bacon and eggs bang, bang right together. We ity to see from more than 100
and chocolate pudding. Con- just can't do them that close miles in space.
---------------..---;---111-1-1-■-■-■-■---.-.-~ __
rad continued to sleep.
together. That's rather poor;
.
•
planniJ?-g:" "
,.
·i 34th Orbit-2 :31 p.m.
29th Orbit-6.39 a.m.
McD1v1~t:.. Okay.
The astronauts completed
Conrad woke up and had Conrad. We got to watch-the make-believe rendezvous
the f O11 ow ing conversation these le~s changes. \~e got attempt and learned they had
with the Canary Island track- every piece of_ gear m t~e come within two minutes of
ing station:
spacecraft floatmg around . m being in the right spot at the
Surgeon: "You're pumping ~~~e. We can't keep up wi th right time. Then they turned
full scale. We have a good it.
. . "
,,
off much of their electrical
blood pressure . .. Giye me a McDivitt: Roger, roger.
equipment, successfully permark when you begin exercis- The~ ~ate~;
formed a routine test of their
ing "
McD1vitt: Hey, Pete. Gem- fuel cell system and settled
d· "Sta d by- mark,, ini 5 Houston here. Why don't down for some' sleep and
S nra • . "W n ha e a go~d you make a few comments for meals.
~
v
the better sex."
urgeon.
blood pressure.
Conrad: "Hello there. We 35th Orbit--4:07 p.m.
Conra~: "Roger, t?e c~m- just passed over Tampico, \Vhile Conrad slept Cooper
mand pilot (Cooper) is takmg Mexico."
·
'
his two-hour period nap now. M D.I .· t t· "P t
p t snapped P1«:tures or se~ected
.
t
c
vl •
e e,
e e. landmarks m an experiment
The pilot (Co~rad) slep _abo_ut Jane's up here. Why don't designed to help future astro4 hours ~5 mmutes o_f his ..sJX- you say something?" (Jane ls nauts navigate successfully
home from the moon. A medhour period, very soundly.
Conrad's wife.)
Surgeon: "How's your water Conrad: "Hello there. How's ical check indicated b Oth
intake?"
all the boys (his four sons) spacemen were in excellent
condiotion. Cooper was told
Conrad: "Twelve and a half doing?''
pounds of water for the com- McDivitt: "She says fine." weather conditions around the
mand pilot, 11 pounds 3 ounces Still later in the orbit, the world were good.

I

The Government has
some advice for would-be
moon homesteaders: Forget it.
"The moon belongs to
the world, not the first arrival," said a spokesman
for the National Aeronautics aDd Space Adm.iniSt ration.
"We assume th at any exploration there will be
handled on an international cooperative basis
much like that in Antarctica."
Over the years, however, many Ameri cans
have contemplated a life
beyond eal'th. Some even
filed claims with a county
recorder, listing the moon
or part of it as their own.

Disposal of Body Waste
Is Easy for Astronauts

By

Chronological Account of Orbits
As Space Flight Enters 3d Day

f:

1

~!

!~:

Co

36th Orbit-5 :43 p.m.
Conrad reported that the
temperature gauge in the
capsule cabin had failed, but
he said a hand-held gauge
was wo1·king. Ground Control
said the temperature reading
made from telemetry data
was 74 degrees. During the
• orbit, the astronauts photographed a tropical storm.
37th Orbit-7 :19 p.m.
The Ground Control center
repo1-ted that the radar set
aboard the spacecraft was becoming too cold. To warm it
up, officials ordered the astron3uts to turn the radar on.
The temperature rose from
16 degrees to 26 degrees,
which is normal. All other
~ystems aboard the capsule
were also operating normally.
AdnrllHmltll

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ues. to which Chas . Matheus would like answers

1. Pictures wi 1 be taken befo1·e opening the hatch : (Before de-pressurization)

What will happen to the film when the hatch is opene ?

~d' I

ff.r.d-)f 3 7

GT- ,s- T.s,vi. ~

2. During pressurization :
rf-

ow long can you use the film?

~ ~ fl{~~ ~

30 nins? or what?

~~t/e_ \}.J

3. Pressurization in cati~ :
After exposure to outside (outer space) and a very low ternp.(10 deg.F.),
how long will it take for the film to recover?

4. Will cold temp. cause problems with rolling the film? lill it break?
If one waited a period of time ~side capsule, how long would this be?
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NASA ROUTI
CODE

NAME (if 111msary)

SLIP
ACTION
APPROVAL
CONCURRENCE
FILE
INFORMATION
INVESTIGATE AND ADVISE
NOTE AND FORWARD
NOTE AND RETURN
PH REQUEST
ltfCOIAA\ENDATION
SEE ME
SIGNATURE
REPLY FOR SIGNATURE Of,

6.
7.
REMARKS:

FROM:

CODE ,

NAME ,

h??s,,O
v. Jan. 1963)
NASA Porro 26 (Rev.

U. S. GOV£ttNMENT PRl l"I Tl
l"ITlNG OFll' ICIE
ICIE: US3 or-t7184S

•

O~TIONAL. "°"M NO. 10

"-

MAY 1112 EDITION
G-SA GEN. ftEG . NO. 27

-

5010-107

4NITED STATES GOVERNMENT

Memorandum
TO

SM/Manned Space Science

FROM

MG/Deputy Director , Gemini Program

SUBJECT:

Technical Analysis of Gemini (GT- 4) Photography

DAT~

2 JUL 1965

M- C

MGS

1352 . 2

~

The attached TWX on the subject matter from Willis Foster to
Robert Piland on July 16, 1965, has been coordinated by Mr. Liccardi
of my office and Dr. Gill of your office. I believe that this TWX
satisfies the request of your letter to me of July 16, 1965 on the
same subject.
I do not anticipate any problems in your office receiving the S- 5
70MM film, however, should you encounter any difficulties my office
will prepare additional authorization that may be deemed necessary
to expedite this matter .

cc :

Dr . J . Gill

Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan

•

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS A D SPACE ADMINISTRATION
WAS HINGTO N , 0 .C.

IN REPLY REFER TO:

SM ( JRG : com )

Dr . F . Sa ie dy
U . S . We t her Burea u
J tion al ~ea t her Sa t el l i t e
S uitland , Ma ryl a n d
Dear Dr .

20546

Center

Sa ie dy :

He are pleased to infor m you t1at t 11e Office of ";p dc e
Sc ie n c e and A p licati ons has r ccom en ded to th e 0.flic c
of Ma nne d Spa ce F li g ht th t t he fo llowine; cxper.irnent
be f lo wn on thee rly Gemi ni se ri es of man n ed ~p~c
flights :
Title :

Spec tro ph oto 1.; r aphy of Clou ds

Pr inci pa l

In v e s tigator :

Spons orin g Institution :

Dr .

r.

,,,,

~aiedy

lJ . S • .-le ;_i t her Bur e du
:~ tio nal \/~ather Sa t ellite

Ce nter

P resent p l ans c a l l fo r ten manned Gemi ni mi ~si ons , cp eccl
three months apart , beg innin g in t he last quar t er of C~lcn<l,r
Yea r 1 964 ,
Ov erall re spo nsibility f or manned sµ, c c s c.i.cncc
investi ga tions i s assigned to Mr . 1,/ i l l i s i3 . fo::it e r ,
Director , Ma nne
Spa c e Sc ience Di v ision , f /\ SA lleud , uc1rtur" .
Th e M nne d ;.,pacecraft C~n t er , i!o u sto , !1a:::; lH?en as::,i.;ned
i mp le menta t i on respo1 s i b ility .for t he Gemini s ci e nti f ic
y lo ad u nde r the d irectio n of Dr . ,Jo c e l yn Gi l l , Cliie r ,
In - Fli g h t S ciences , am mbe r o f Mr . Foster ' s :,t.:i ff .
'.-J i.11
yo u p le ase inform Dr . Gill by letter o f any co - inv eG t ii.:,, tor { ~ )
of ficially
sociated witli your e x perim ent .
T c h nic ..i l
coo rd i n at i o n f o r y o u r e x e r i ru c n t w i 1 1 iJ e ll n d l c d by
i· r . Roy Stokes , 'Ian e d ~
c c1~"1f t r ,~nt ~
lo uston , Te;.:a::; ,
tele pho n e number , d U 3 - 7 6 3 3 •
In accord a nce with th e N~ tio a l Aro~ ti cs a d ~P J u
i\.Jm i.11.i. :; tr a t i o,1 1 ~ t,olj ' Y lor the rel ~<.1..;.., of cl.1 L ...i , t::-: 1c 1'i.1n ntcr:;
are ,.,runteJ a pe ri od of tinie f'o r ex ~ Lu.;.i.vl! u:;e of Lil· d,..1 L,1.
For
em.i.ni. , you ..:ire ~ rant ..:d ,
c i oJ of si.x month::; reo 111
t he rec!c!i p t o f t he ,J.., ta .
l [ thi ~;
~me IJCr.i.ocl .i. ., rot
s.:1. ti :;;fa ct ory , p l e.:isC? 2.et ..i.n touc,1 1-1ith Dr . 'i l l t,J li. ~:c u ..;:;
a
e r'j , ,l .. ·, · cl , \t , iu l cl oe mu tu allJ
t: ru'-'u;>le to th,~ 1 l ,' ,;r1 ,t!i•l
/ Our self .

•

-2-

Experimenters a re encouraged to p u b.:'..isl1 experimental
results promptly in order to inform the scientific
community dS ear ly as possible .
II :, il:? f analysi~ of
experimental re s ult s 1ith illu s tr ations I here appropr i ate
is requir ed to be f urnishe d to the 8 Xper i mcn t co o rdinator
within t1-10 reeks followin~ t he mission for the >u:::;tldu ch
memorandum prepa r ed by Ma nne d Spa c e_raft Canter .
E xperi me nters a re also encouraged t:, coordinate c1 n t1
exchange data amonu t hemsel v s in order' t o enhance to
ti1e f ulle s t extent , the sc ienti f ic .;e nefitc o f e d ch
mission .
It i s i mp ort a nt to th e co nd uct of yo ur ex eriment that all
em ini s ch ed u led
dli n s be m t
and th t y ou kee p your HSC e x pe ri men t coordinator i n formed on progress of your experiment at all ti mes .
We hope that t he plannin g o f your e x~e ri me nt an d the
constru ction and integration of your flight hard wa r e will
be brought to sati sfa ctory completi on in or der that your
experiment , a lon g with those o f t he other expe riment e r .
on the attached list , may serv e to make the Gemini scien if ic
payload a successful addition t o th e United S t a t es ~p ace
P ro gram .
S incere ly yours ,

!lamer E: . ::e;e ll
Associ · t e lldrni ni s trat o r
f or Spa ce Sc i e nce & llppl ic nt ion ~
Enc losure :
List of
Appr ov ed Cxperimenters

c,-T10NAL. f"'OflM NO. 10
_. MAY 1942 EDITION
Gs.\ C:EN , R G , NO. .2.1

-

.SOlG-107

NITED STATES GOVERNME

emorandum
TO

SM/Manned Space Science

DATE:

M- C
FROM

MG/Deputy Director, Gemini Program

SUBJECT:

Technical Analysis of Gemini (GT-4) Photography

MGS

1352. 2

The attached TWX on the subject matter from Willis Fos ter to
Robert Piland on July 16, 1965, has been coordinated by Mr . Liccardi
of my office and Dr. Gill of your office . I believe that this TWX
satisfies the request of your letter to me of July 16, 1965 on the
same subject .
I do not anticipate ny problems in your office receiving the S - 5
70MM film, however, should you encounter any difficulties my office
will prepare additional authorization that may be deemed necessary
to expedite this matter.

William C. Schneider
cc :

Dr . J . Gill

Buy U.S. Savings Bonds Regularly on the Payroll Savings Plan

NAME OF AG8'1CY

I

PRECEDENCE

I

ACTION ,
INFO.,

NASA BEADQUAfm!RB

PRIORITY

UNCLASSIFIED

THIS BLOCK FOR USE OF COMMUNICATIONS UNIT

TELEGRAPHIC MESSAGE
OFFICIAL aus ,NESS
U.S . GOVERNMENT
MESSAGE TO BE TRANSMITTED (Use double spocing ond oll copitol letters)

TH IS COL. FO R AGEN CY USE

MR. ROBERT O, PILAND
EXPERIMENI'S PROGRAM OFFICE
MANNED BPACECRAFr CENI'ER
HOUSTON, TEXAS

I?iFO TO:

DR. PAUL LOWMAN, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CEN•fi!B,
GREENBELT, MARYLAND

MR. LEO CHILDS, CODE ET22, MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER
HOUSTON, TEXAS

Sn

IT IS REQUESTED THAT YOU AUTHORIZE TBE APPROPRIATE AUI'HORITIES AT

me TO RELEASE THE ORIGINAL FIIM OF SPOOL 3 OF MAGAZINE 8 (WHICH
w

COVERS TBE Sou.rBWESTERN O,S.) TO MB., LEO CHILDS, MSC, FOR 2 TO 3

5

DAYS.

0

MR. CHILOO WILL CARRY IT TO DATA CORPORATION, DAYTON, OHIO

• MICROSENSITOMETER.

FOR MEASUREMENT ON THEIR

THE PURPOSE OF THESE

"'x

I-

z
..,
0
>w
w
C)

MEASUREMENTS IS TO DETERMINE THE TRUE RESOLUTION OF THE _S -5 70 mm

PHOTOGRAPHY ON GT-4.

WE REFER 'ro A TELEPHONE CONVERSATION BE'lWEEN

<

"'w"'
l'

...~
...0
w

EMORY HARRIS OF YOUR OFFICE AND ANTHONY LICCARDI, OMSF, LAST NIGHT. z
0
0

WHIU: MAKING THE RESOLUTION ANALYSIS WE ARE ASKING DATA
CORPORATION TO MAKE FIVE (5) SETS OF CONTACT P.Rml'S .AND ONE (l.)

DUPLICATE NIDATIVE OF SEIECTED FRAMF.S UBING VERY FID-GRAINED
MATERIALS WHICH GIVE .AIMOST 1 ~ TRANSFER.

THESE PRINTS AND FIIM

WILL BE USED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS BY AGENCIES IN THE WASHINGTON

AREA.
PAGE NO.

2

lllAME Of AGENCY

PRECEDEN CE
ACTION :
INFO.:

a - , -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - l TYPE Of MESSAGE
ACCOUNTING CLASSlflCA TION
SINGLE

0

D

Cl AS SI FICA TION
BOOK

□ MUlTI-AOORESS

STANDARD FORM I• REV. MARCH 15, 1957
GSA REGULATION 2- IX-30 1.00

t::-:::-:~=-===:-:-::-:-::------=------------...l......!:::::......:.::.:...:.:.:.:.:.= - - - - -- 1 14-304
THIS BLOCK FOR USE OF COMMUNICAT IONS UNIT

TELEGRAPHIC M ESSAGE
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
U. S. GOVERNMENT
MESSAGE TO BE TRANSMITTED (Use double spoc ing ond oil capitol leffen)

AGENCY USE

PAGE 'lWO
DB. PAUL UMWi PRI?fCIPAL DM'Sl'IGATOR ON TBE B-5 EXPERIMDT HAS

Coz«ruRRED :m THESE .ABRA.BGIMEN'l'.

IT IS 'URDJ!:RS'l'OOD TBAT

MR. LEO CHILDS WILL SAFEGUARD 'l'1IE FILM IN 'l'RAHSIT AND Mr DATA
CORPOBATIO •

AT DATA CO.RPOBATION THE CONTACTS .Am:

MB. WILUAM GOROG, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD AID MR. ROBERT BOOBE.
WE WILL GREA1'LY APPRmIATE YOOR EXPEDITING OUR OBTAIBI.BG THIS
~ SCIDTIFIC DATA WBICR CAB BB AC UIRID FROM THE S-5

70 mm FIIM.

WILLIS B. P'OS'l'ER
DIRICTOR

MARNED SPACE SCIENCE PROGRAMS
cc:

Ml/Schneider

MJS/Liccardi
BM/Colvocores ee

PAGE NO .

NO. O f P4GES

2

2
NAME AND TITLE Of ORIG INATOR (Typ<t)

ORIGIN4TOR'S TEl . NO.

7/16/65

Jocel:.)'n R. Gill

v" (Si9nolv,.)
• u.s GOVERHMEHl PRI NTING OfflC[

D4TE AND TIME PREP4 RED

uu o-1u-u~

2:00

UNCLASSIFIED

•• •

M (JRG.kb. )

JUL 1 .i 1965

...
..,

2

equi

nt for an

of

l3ogge 13 C

nxt

E,xperl.lncant r
l

ve a good s

.hip on h Ast OllOlXIY Subc
r.

1ncerely yow:-a ,

-Gfll
Jo ~ R. Gill
Chief, Inf'll t c~ence
Mann d 6 ~ Sci n Progr

cc:

Dr. Al Bo ess, m/08.FC
Willis B. Foster, SM
Subj ect File
Reading File

SM: JRGill : kby

20593

7/l2/65

,
DEARBOR

OBSERVATORY

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
BVA STON, lLLINOIS 60201

24 June 1965

Dr . Jocelyn Gill
Chief , Inflight Sciences Branch
Code SM
Manned Space Science Programs
NASA Headquarters
Washington , D. C. 20546
Dear Jocelyn :
In connection with the astronaut debriefing conference , I 'm sorry if
my lack of attendance has caused you any embarrassment . I simply
couldn ' t make it on such short notice . I was at the University of
Wisconsin when the news reached me on Wednesday morning. Having just
driven for three hours to get there I was reluctant to turn around
and leave lmmediately as would have been required for me to catch a
late afternoon plane to Houston .
I hope that it might be possible for me to attend the next debriefing
in which the astronauts may be discussing either open hatch activities ,
spacecraft stabilization, or operation of the General Purpose Camera .
As you are probably alreaey aware , I have just received an invitation
from Dr . Newell to become a member of the Astronomy Advisory Subcommittee .
I am delighted both for the honor of having been so chosen and also by
the implication that astronomical observations from manned space vehicles
have at last been recognized as worthwhile scientific activities . I
thank you for your very considerable efforts in backing my original
proposals and in making it possible for this whole situation to develop
so favorably .
Sincerely,

Karl G. Henize
KGH :mjw

S

(JRG:cvd)

JUL 14 1965
TO:

Manned Spacecr ft Center
Chier. Photo r phic Division, Code
NASA He dquarters
Ch1ef, Infl1 ht Sciences

SUBJECT:

Request for duplicate movie films and color prints of
all 70 mm, hand-held pictu~es

One copy of each of color mevie ~1lms h1ch include sunsets,
sunrises, horizon bands, limb of earth nd terrain views 1s requested to be forwarded to Dr. J.R. Gill, Code SM,. NASA Headquarters. Please send these air mail sinoe this material 1s
n eded soon for preparation o7'an7i'itrongmical re ort on GT-~.
One of the most important films for this purpose s Ma zine 9.

1

Two sets or color prints of all color still pictures which were
taken with
sselblad 70 mm camera (on GT-4) are also requested.
It will be adequate to send these by re ular mail. These prints
pertain mainly to the S-5 and s-6 Gemini xperimenta.

Jocelyn R. Gill

Jocelyn R. Gill

..

(JRO;kby)

TO

..

JUL 1

)
cecraft Center
, Deputy
o.
po o Spacecr

19 J

r

cb

:
oft

of voice ta

rsa ion o e

o, t

f

ceipt o~ copies of subJe

3.

ng
ri t,

Co
G

.

Dr
C

. Gill

____rter

.c. ro5-46
Jocelyn

• Gill_

Joce:cyit R. Gill

cc :
CONCURRENCES:
OFFICE CODE ►

SIGNATURE ►

MGS/Mr . Liccard.i
SM Reading File s

SM :JRGill : kb

20593

SM File : Sci . debriefing GT - 4 file

7 1 65

OFFICIAL FILE COPY

)

JUN 171965

1p

GT;;.4

••

... ...,,..,,. yo
Jocelyn R. GiU

cc :

SM File s

~kby

20593

6/7/65

not

(

)

JUN 171965

rt

Bet re rds,

C

1enc

cc:

SM Files

SM:JRGill:kby 20593

6/7/65

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JUN 17 1965

cc i

SM 1'1:l.es

:J'BG1ll:

20593

6/7/65

(

JUN 171965

c.

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:JRGlll kby

6/7/ 5

NATIONAL AERONAU TICS AND SPAC E AD MINISTRATION
WASHI NGTON ,

IN REPLY REFER TO:

D. C. 20546

SM- ( JRG: kby)

Dear
We are enclosing,. li s t s o f Gemini p h otogra phs f o r Mi ss i on s I V
through VIII which you r e questedo These include the numbers
t hat Creative Arts* c an utilize in filling orderso The
Gemtni IV material can be ordered by the magazine,I) spool,I)
and frame numbers . (Example : Gemini IVs Magazine 16 s Spool 5,
Frame 3l ) o The Gemini V, VI, VIIs and VIII material can be
ordered by the 11 HC" number ( Example : 65 - HC- 701 ) .
Note that the column " GET" signifies ground elapsed time and
c an be converted to GMTi which is Greenwich Mean Tim o
We hope this information will answer your need.so

Thank you

f o r your interest in the Gemini photographs.
Sincerely yours s

Jocelyn Ro Gill
Manned Flight Experiments Office
Enclosures :
Lists of Gemini IV, V, VI >
VII~ VIII photographs

*

Creative Arts
Attn: Mro Tinsley
814 H Street , NoW•
Washington,I) D.C.

~1)

l'

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NORTHERN ARIZONA SOCIETY
OF SCIENCE AND ART, INC.

1

flAGSTAfF, ARIZONA
P. 0. Box 1389

ti cs &. Space Admih .
Jocelyn

. Gill

O rder No .

. ........ .......-·-··-····
-···-··········CLASS MAIL

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D Insured
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EXPRESS

Contents:

D Prepaid
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POSTMASTER: This parcel may be opened
for postal Inspection if necflJGry.

Value...........- .......

RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED

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