1993 CIA Overview Report - Star Gate Project DTI-S-1056-SL

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STAR GATE PROJECT: AN OVERVIEW

SHORT TITLE: DTI-S-1056-SL

Date of Publication
30 April 1993

This document was prepared by the
Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence,
Defense Intelligence Agency.

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(U) PREFACE:

(U) This document provides a broad overview of the three
main activity areas, (foreign assessment, external research, in-
house investigations) of the STAR GATE program. It is intended
to provide background for the upcoming briefing on 5 May 1993 to.
the DEPSECDEF.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Primary focus of the STAR GATE effort is
on anomalous phenomena, to include parapsychological and related
biophysical interactions (e.g., telepathy, remote viewing,
psychokinesis). Historical material and current activity updates
are included, with back-up details in the appendix. This
material supplements the briefing charts and related documents
that are also supplied for background.

(U) A discussion of terms and definitions useful for review
of this area is in Appendix A.

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CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE .cccccccecsccervernseresscsccescccene i

I RECENT DIA DIRECTION ....esescssccceccecevees 1
II BRIEF HISTORY OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH .. 2
IIIT APPLICATION INVESTIGATIONS .....eseeeceeseeeee 10

IV FOREIGN ASSESSMENTS ....-cccccvcccccccesnvese 14

APPENDIX
A. TERMINOLOGY eoererveveoeveevneveveeeeeeereeveen ee ee eevee eoee A-l

B. SCIENCE PANEL REPORT ...cccecececeevesessecese Bol

SES rrr

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LIST OF FIGURES

No. TITLE PAGE
1. KEY U.S. RESEARCH EFFORTS ...-..ccccecssee 3
2. CLOSE LOCATION - REAL TIME BEACONING..... 5
3. CLOSE-IN SHIELDED VIEWING .....22cccccee 6
4. LONG DISTANCE-RETROCOGNITIVE ....eeeeeeee 7
5. LONG DISTANCE-PRECOGNITIVE ...-ecccceesere 8
6. RECENT REVIEWS ..ccccecesrrcnvcceccssscccce 9
7. PROJECTS WORKED (1986-1989) ...ceeeseeeee 12
8. OVERALL DATA CORRELATIONS ...-eeeeeeeeee- 13
9. SPECIAL COUNTERNARCOTICS TEST-1990 ...... 15

SGIA

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STAR GATE PROJECT: AN OVERVIEW

I. (U) RECENT DIA DIRECTION

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) In the FY 1991 Defense Authorization Act,
the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) was identified as executive
agent for initiating a new program to investigate
parapsychological/ anomalous phenomena. A funding level of $2
million was authorized for DIA to undertake specific research and
other activities relative to this activity. Objectives of this
authorization were to enable a systematic and scientifically
sound approach to the R&D effort, to permit wider and more
systematic review of potential intelligence applications, and to
assess foreign developments in this area.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Consequently, DIA developed a
scientifically rigorous research and investigative program.
Basic and applied research projects were initiated with the
objectives of phenomena understanding and improving application
capabilities for potential operational areas. Collection
requirements were levied and foreign data bases were compiled in
order to assess and better understand foreign achievements and
their potential impact on U.S. security interests. Limited
applied research projects were also conducted. This activity was
formally established as a limited dissemination (LIMDIS) project
early-on and given the official project name, STAR GATE.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) A variety of project reports were
subsequently published that documented key STAR GATE activities,
foreign assessments, research plans and protocols, proficiency
testing procedures and other methodological needs. A
Congressionally requested Long-Range Comprehensive Plan was
prepared. This report identified near- and long-term activities
for optimizing research and application investigation in this
phenomenological area.

(S/NF) A plan for external assistance was also developed and
an external contract for basic and applied research in this area
was negotiated with the Systems Applications International
Corporation (SAIC).

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The FY 1992 Defense Appropriations Act
provided DIA with an additional $2 million in R&D research funds
to further enhance Project STAR GATE research and other
activities. The Act stressed that DIA develop an even balance
with foreign assessment, research, and operational activities.
Foreign assessments should emphasize Russia, China, and other
country efforts, and operational activity should identify
specific users, to include special operational areas.

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(S/NF) The FY 1992 Act called for an effort to identify
possible foreign weaponization activity in this area. This is a
new requirement that is receiving high priority, and is
approached from the viewpoint of unconventional or non-lethal
weapons technology.

(S/NF) The FY 1992 Act directed DIA to realign 10 civilian
billets so that project staffing could be continued in order to
satisfy all project objectives. It also called for a 2-year
architecture plan that was subsequently prepared.

II. (U) BRIEF HISTORY OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH

(U) In the mid-late 1800's, investigations into anomalous
mental phenomena were initiated by a very limited number of
researches working essentially independent of one another in
various countries. The early investigators were motivated to
examine this area due to evidence suggested by a wide variety of
anecdotal accounts of spontaneous occurrences. Many of these
early investigations focused on case study collection and
analysis; some were aimed at phenomena demonstration under
controlled conditions and were based on the psychological
perspectives of that time-period. Formal research efforts were
initiated by leading physicists, and investigation societies were
established in 1892 (London) and 1896 (New York).

(U) Figure 1 lists the major U.S. research efforts on this
topic and their time-frame of activity. The most well know early
U.S. researcher was Dr. J.B. Rhine at Duke University, Durham,
N.C.; he explored proof-of-principle of extra-sensory perception
(ESP) by use of simple experimental targets (5 symbols) and well-
established statistical methods. His work led to considerable
publicity and to a general acceptance that laboratory experiments
had in fact reasonably demonstrated the existence of "telepathy,
clairvoyance, and psychokinesis". His laboratory eventually
moved to a private foundation (Foundation for Research on the
Nature of Man (FRNM)), in Durham, N.C.

(U) In the 1960's, new U.S. work began in New York, N.Y.,
and San Antonio, TX that examined psychological variables and
psychological states; this new work incorporated a wide variety
of target material in the experimental set-up. Emphasis was on a
"free-response" (not forced choice card guessing) approach that
examined how well a subject could draw concealed pictorial
material. Various psychological conditions (altered states),
such as deep relaxation or sleep, were explored and methodologies
for evaluating results were developed. A different statistical
approach was required, since the target possibilities were no
longer from a small fixed set that could be easily evaluated.

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KEY US RESEARCH EFFORTS

1930-1960 -- DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC
1950-PRESENT -- PARAPSYCHOLOGY FOUNDATION, NY, NY
1960-PRESENT -- FRNM, DURHAM, NC
1960-PRESENT -- MIND SCIENCE FOUNDATION,
SAN ANTONIO, TX
1970-1980 -- MAIMONIDES MEDICAL CENTER, NY, NY
1970-1990 -- SRI INTERNATIONAL, MENLO PARK, CA
1980-1990 -- PSYCHOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LAB,
PRINCETON, NJ
1980-PRESENT -- ANOMALIES RESEARCH LAB,

PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ

OTHERS:
SEVERAL UNIVERSITY RESEARCHERS
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS

FIGURE 1
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(U) Results from these efforts were publicized and led to a
greater awareness of some of the psychological factors that are
conducive to enhancing parapsychological effects. The most _.
productive research team (Miamonides Medical Center) eventually
moved to the Princeton, N.J. area and formed the Psychophysical
Research Laboratory. New work also began in an academic setting
when Dr. Robert Jahn, Dean of the Aerospace Science Department,
established a small parapsychological team at Princeton
University, N.J. His effort continues to this day and explores
psychokinesis, precognition, and remote viewing.

(U) However, none of the early research examined application
potential of this area, and very little of it examined distance
effects of the phenomena.

(U) Some of the early parapsychological effort (i.e., remote
viewing) at SRI International and at Princeton University did,
however, examine the potential for describing geographic targets
at various distances. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are San Francisco
Bay area targets that showed a remote viewer could produce
reasonable overall description of features at near-by geographic
locations. Some experiments showed that a remote viewer could
also describe the interior contents of target facilities. These
descriptions were usually reliable when only shape/form
correlations and not analysis/interpretations were considered.
Figure 4 and Figure 5 are examples of Dr. Jahn's remote viewing
investigations where long distance (thousand of miles) and time
factors (prediction, past event description) were explored.

(U) Research findings in this area are sometimes not readily
accepted, regardless of adequacy of experimental controls or
integrity of the investigators. Consequently, a variety of views
can be found concerning the same data. Some of these have had a
retarding effect of the field and on funding. Part of the
controversy lies in the difficulty of agreement between "proof-
of-principle" and "reasonable demonstration" demands. A listing
of recent publications that illustrate various perspectives on
this research is shown on Figure 6.

(U) The Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1987) publication
presented a balanced view of the research; some of the articles

presented reasonable cases for "anomaly demonstration". A
National Research Council (NRC) report in 1988, however, took a
negative stance in general, even though it reviewed a very
limited aspect of the field. Recent publications (Statistical
Science (1991) and Psychological Bulletin (1993)) provide good
evidence that paranormal/parapsychological effects have in fact
been demonstrated and are replicable.

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CLOSE LOCATION - REAL TIME BEACONING

VIEWER’S DESCRIPTION
ae

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“SOME KIND OF DIAGONAL TROUGH “BUILDING IS AN AEREATOR”
UP IN THE AIR”

WALKWAY SYLVANIA FACILITY

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CLOSE-IN SHIELDED
VIEWING

VIEWERS DESZRIPTIC’:

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1 THIS IS AN ENERGY EXPANDER. IT HUMS.
IT’S SOME VERY STRONG ELECTRICAL ENERGY
GOING AROUND THERE. . . PURE ENERGY

BERKELEY BEVATRON

21PU6718.50JP

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ViEWER’S DESCRIPTION

. ROCKS ... UNEVEN HOLES ..., ON
MOUNTAIN OVER WATER... .A LIGHTHOUSE? ...
TALL STRUCTURE WITH CONICAL ROOF ...
SIMILAR TO A CASTLE... MUSTY .

HIGH LARGE CAVERNOUS HALL .

A CASTLE. me

ee “TARGET PHOTO

URQUARDT CASTLE,
LOCH NESS,

SCOTLAND

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FIGURE 4

<=» LONG DISTANCE - RETROCOGNITIVE (14 HRS)

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LONG DISTANCE - PRECOGNITIVE (24 HRS)
VIEWER’S DESCRIPTION

“|| (BEACON) IS SOMEWHERE NEAR WATER . .

.. MAY BE BOATS... . SEVERAL VERTICAL LINES,
LIKE NARROW POLES... A LARGE ROUND THING,
LIKE A DISC... WITH HEIGHT . . . BUILDINGS ON
ONE SIDE... LIKE A BOARDWALK ... . VERTICAL
LINES ALONG THE WALKWAY

TARGET PHOTO

DANUBE RIVER AREA,
BRATISLAVA,
CZECHOSLOVAKIA

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RECENT REVIEWS

“THE ANOMALY CALLED PSI: RECENT RESEARCH
AND CRITICISM’; BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN
SCIENCES, NOVEMBER 1987

“ENHANCING HUMAN PERFORMANCE’, NATIONAL
RESEARCH COUNCIL: 1988 |

“REPLICATION AND META-ANALYSIS IN
PARAPSYCHOLOGY’; STATISTICAL SCIENCE;
VOL 6, No. 4; 1991

“DOES PSI EXIST? REPLICABLE EVIDENCE
FOR AN ANOMALOUS PROCESS OF INFORMATION
TRANSFER’; PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN (PENDING)

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(S/NF) Several important basic and application-related
findings resulted from the later SRI investigations. These were:
(1) distance/shielding do not effect results; (2) some people
have an innate capability to perform well; (3) goal orientation
is more important then psychological factors/states or the nature
of the target; and (4) a potential correlation between remote
viewing capability and certain brain area activity may exist.
These findings were based on research procedures and techniques
that received critical review by an expert nine-person Scientific
Oversight Committee. The research approach and procedures were
judged scientifically sound. Some of the procedural problems
associated with early work in this field had been resolved and
corrected.

(U) Appendix B contains specific comments from a research
panel that reviewed some of this work in the 1983-1984 time-
frame. This Science Panel review led to later research efforts
that included a variety of basic and applied research objectives.

(S/NF) The effort at SRI was discontinued in 1990. However,
as a result of Congressional direction in FY 1991 for DIA, new
research in this area was established with the Systems
Applications International Corporation (SAIC), in Menlo Park, CA.

III. (U) APPLICATION INVESTIGATIONS

(S/NF) In the early 1970's, U.S. researchers at SRI-
International, Menlo Park, CA, also initiated research into
phenomena understanding and application pursuits. This work,
centering on "remote viewing (RV)" came to the attention of the
CIA. CIA then provided funding to SRI for continuing RV
research. Then funding was discontinued in 1975; subsequent
funding for RV investigation at SRI was provided by DIA and some
of DIA's service support elements with occasional support from

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various R&D organizations. DIA's interest in funding this area
was primarily from a threat assessment point-of-view in order to
help understand the Soviet work.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) The successful long distance SRI remote
viewing experiments from the 1970's generated interest in
operational pursuits with in-house government personnel. In the
late 1970's, HQDA/INSCOM established a small unit for
"development of a community capability' in RV. This unit was
transferred to DIA in 1986 when 12 billets were authorized in the
GDIP budget for this activity. A Special Access Program (SAP),
SUN STREAK, was established in order to protect identity of the
individuals and due to the nature of some of the projects
examined.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) A variety of potential operational projects
were investigated over the next few years; in 1989 the Military
Intelligence Board (MIB) agreed to examine the utility of the
project under field conditions involving counternarcotics
projects. The MIB reviewed results of this test period in
September, 1990. Subsequently, STAR GATE was established to
expand on earlier efforts and to permit systematic and
scientifically sound investigations to continue. All STAR GATE
activities are conducted in accordance with appropriate
scientific procedures and methodologies.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Over-all, STAR GATE activity is based on
both a concurrent research and application philosophy. It is
recognized that formal scientific proof of this phenomena may yet
be available, even though "anomaly demonstration" may be granted
in some academic areas. Although formal scientific acceptance
could be helpful, the history of application investigations in
this field demonstrates that at least some level of application
reliability can be achieved for some types of projects. The
issue is how to improve overall data quality/reliability so that
wider use can be made of this potential capability.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) In addition to recent research reviews
(Figure 6), formal reviews of operational potential or activity
have also been conducted. One review examined a four-year
investigation period and was summarized in a briefing given to
the Military Intelligence Board (MIB) in 1989. Overall findings
are shown as Figure 7 and Figure 8. Key points from this review
were:

- Potential applications exist for certain projects types:
-- Counternarcotics (CN)
-- Counterterrorism (CT)
-- cCounterintelligence (CT)

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PROJECTS WORKED
1986-1989 TOTAL PROJECTS = 192

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‘) OVERALL DATA CORRELATIONS

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- Limited potential exists for detailed data:
-- S/T parameters
-- Precise locations

- Low potential exists for predictive tasks

- Individuals' performance:
-- Correlates with project tasks
-- Can improve with high demands/needs and strong goal
orientation.

(S/NF/SG/LIMDIS) Another review occurred in 1990. This
followed from an earlier MIB recommendation that operational
investigations focus on counternarcotics projects. Figure 9
shows results of this effort. Overall, about one third of all
projects were judged to have provided data of good quality. This
was based on evaluation of 32 projects. Although 104 projects
were conducted, weather/operational constraints prevented follow-
up for ground truth on the majority of those projects.

IV. (U) FOREIGN ASSESSMENTS
A. (U) INTRODUCTION

(S/NF) The FY 1991 Defense Authorization Act identified
DIA as executive agent of a new program for examining
parapsychological phenomena. As part of this program, DIA was
directed to develop an integrated foreign data base on SG1A
parapsychological activities

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AR YpRR TT TER me

SPECIAL U. s. ‘ARMY SECRET
COUNTERNARCOTICS |

"= STRONG
—-CORRELATI“"

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SG1A
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APPENDIX

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APPENDIX A

TERMINOLOGY

(U) The investigations described in this report involve a
class of human capabilities generally referred to as
parapsychological or paranormal phenomena. There are two general
types, informational and energetic.

(U) Informational aspects include the ability to describe
remote or concealed data without the use of known sensory
systems. This aspect is generally referred to as remote viewing
(RV) or extrasensory perception (ESP). Another term, anomalous
cognition (AC), is also currently used by researchers in this
field. The ability to predict future events is usually referred
to as precognition.

(U) The energetic aspect refers to the mental ability to
influence material or biological systems via unknown mechanisms.
This aspect is sometimes referred to as psychokinesis (PK).

(U) Soviet researchers generally use the term
"psychoenergetics" to identify this research area. Chinese
researchers prefer the terms “extraordinary human body functions"
or "somatic science" for similar functions.

(U) A variety of other terms have, and probably will, be
used to describe specific aspects of the basic phenomena.

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APPENDIX B
S PA P
SRI STUDIES IN V :
A PROGRAM REVIEW

1 MARCH 1984

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SRI STUDIES IN REMOTE VIEWING: A PROGRAM REVIEW

For the past eleven years, a small group headed by Dr. H. Puthoff has
sought evidence that would support the case for extrasensory perception. In
recent years, the focus of these studies has centered on “remote viewing" by
subjects claiming to visualize the scene at a point beyond the field of vision,
and in many cases, in a remote part of the world, typically not known to them
by actual experience. The implication of success in remote viewing, if it
exists, are revolutionary; since as described to the review team, it is mani-
festly incompatible with currently accepted scientific principles. Remote view-
ing of future events--"precognition"--evidently violates causality; real time
remote viewing clearly requires a transmission mechanism other than any known

process: electromagnetic, gravitational, etc.

The lack of a physical model should not be taken to preclude the existence
of the capability to view a remote location. However, this circumstance has
thus far limited application of the classic methods of scientific investiga-
tion to less cogent issues, such as controls for inadvertent cueing, statistical
evaluation of the incidence of positive findings, estimation of false-positive
and false-negative responses, and in particular, the design of experiments that
would limit as far as possible intrusion of extraneous factors relating to

personal interaction and observer biases.

The evidence shown to us is too impressive to dismiss as mere coincidence.
Certain similarities between the SRI and Princeton results, obtained in very
different circumstances by unrelated investigators, are particularly compelling.
The Princeton work is somewhat more quantitative than that at SRI and leads to
an estimate by Dr. R. Jahn that the phenomena he has observed could be

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explained by a transfer of information above noise at a level of about one bit
per thousand. This of course raises the question of how much information is
required to construct the impressions gained by remote viewing, a question
which the investigators cannot presently answer. Therefore, the review team
feels that remote viewing is either real or due to some sort of experimental
interference from one or some of the participants; something one might describe
as “inadvertent cueing." Although, on the basis of our brief exposure to the
SRI program, we found no obvious evidence of cueing or collusion between the

viewer and the experiment monitors.

The briefings strongly emphasized the investigator's ability to train
others in their techniques. This training program has developed over the past
five years through the dedicated participation of Mr. Ingo Swann. His diverse
talents have been devoted to self-training which he now feels competent to
impart to others. Approximately a dozen trainees have completed instruction to
various levels of claimed competence. An important aspect of Swann's contribu-
tions relates to his dissection of separate elements in the perceptual process.
Under his guidance, the technique centers around the use of a coordinate method
to describe the remote location, expressed in degrees of latitude and longitude.
It is here that any attempt at a rational understanding of the perceptual
process is lost. Since the significance of the coordinates so expressed is
unknown to the viewer in most instances, it is impossible to understand why
such a method should be translated in the viewing process into a precise delin-
eation of geographic characteristics of the.target site. The arbitrariness of

this approach has not escaped the investigators, but repeated attempts to

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